Red-throated Caracaras Ibycter americanus (Falconidae) are specialist predators of social wasps in the Neotropics. It had been proposed that these caracaras possess chemical repellents that allow them to take the brood of wasp nests without being attacked by worker wasps. To determine how caracaras exploit nests of social wasps and whether chemical repellents facilitate predation, we: (1) video...

While U.S. slave institutions formally guaranteed slaveowner property, the threat of fugitive slaves constrained economic development in the slave sector. We present new evidence on the economics of the slave South, focusing on the enforcement of slave property rights. We collect data on the characteristics of, and money rewards offered to slave catchers for, individual runaway slaves from 20,0...

BACKGROUND Few controlled studies have investigated factors associated with suicide in current in-patients. We aimed to identify psychosocial, behavioural and clinical risk factors, including variations in care, for in-patient suicide. METHOD We conducted a national population-based case-control study of people who died by suicide between 1 April 1999 and 31 December 2000 while in psychiatric...

OBJECTIVE This administrative data-linkage cohort study examines the association between prison crowding and the rate of post-release parole violations in a random sample of prisoners released with parole conditions in California, for an observation period of two years (January 2003 through December 2004). BACKGROUND Crowding overextends prison resources needed to adequately protect inmates a...

INTRODUCTION Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common eye cancer in children. Early detection is necessary for cure. OBJECTIVE To compare stage and outcome of children with RB treated at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa (SA), during two time periods (1993 - 2000 and 2001 - 2008, after outreach interventions in 2000 and introduction of compulsory community service for doctors in 1998). ...

ACCESSIBLE SUMMARY In the previous paper we described a model explaining differences in rates of conflict and containment between wards, grouping causal factors into six domains: the staff team, the physical environment, outside hospital, the patient community, patient characteristics and the regulatory framework. This paper reviews and evaluates the evidence for the model from previously publi...

BACKGROUND Incidents of absconsion in forensic psychiatric units can have potentially serious consequences, yet surprisingly little is known about the characteristics of patients who abscond from these settings. The few previous studies conducted to date have employed retrospective designs, and no attempt has been made to develop an empirically-derived risk assessment scale. In this prospective...

The parasitic mite Varroa destructor has been the dominant subject of discussion among bee scientists and beekeepers worldwide. Unfortunately, few literatures has reported the presence of this dreaded honey bee parasites in Sub-Saharan Africa until 2012 when Nigeria was listed among impacted countries. In Sub-Saharan Africa, beekeeping activities have long been plagued with many problems such a...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of intramuscular olanzapine with intramuscular haloperidol plus promethazine on rapid tranquillisation of agitated or violent people with mental illness. DESIGN Pragmatic, allocation concealed, randomised controlled trial. SETTING Emergency services of a general hospital psychiatry department in Vellore, south India. PARTICIPANTS 300 adults with agitated or...

The rapid spread of contagious diseases poses a colossal threat to human existence. Presently, the emergence coronavirus COVID-19 which has rightly been declared global pandemic resulting in so many deaths, confusion as well huge economic losses is challenge. It suggested by World Health Organization (WHO) conjunction with different Government authorities world and non-governmental organization...