Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) fredii HH103 is a broad host-range nitrogen-fixing bacterium able to nodulate many legumes, including soybean. In several rhizobia, root nodulation is influenced by proteins secreted through the type 3 secretion system (T3SS). This specialized secretion apparatus is a common virulence mechanism of many plant and animal pathogenic bacteria that delivers proteins, called e...

Background Genomic imprinting is a heritable and developmentally essential phenomenon by which gene expression occurs in an allele-specific manner1. While the imprinted alleles are primarily silenced by DNA methylation, it remains largely unknown how methylation is targeted to imprinting control region (ICR), also called differentially methylated region (DMR), and maintained. Here we show that ...

We isolated the cDNA clone coding for a major root specific protein (CR16) of carrots. The CR16 protein (154a.a.) has a high homology to intracellular pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, stress-induced proteins and also the major allergen protein of celery (Api g1). The CR16 protein gene formed a super gene family and transcripts of this CR16 protein gene are predominant in root tissue, not in ...

Shoot-borne crown roots are the major root system in cereals. Previous work has shown that the Wuschel-related homeobox gene WOX11 is necessary and sufficient to promote rice (Oryza sativa) crown root emergence and elongation. Here, we show that WOX11 recruits the ADA2-GCN5 histone acetyltransferase module to activate downstream target genes in crown root meristem. Rice ADA2 and GCN5 genes are ...

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