Basalts erupted to form the atolls and guyots of the Western Pacific have been altered in various ways, ranging from hydrothermal alteration to subaerial weathering by meteoric waters in a tropical environment. Subaerial weathering has been moderate to extreme. Moderate subaerial weathering is expressed by dissolution or replacement of primary minerals (olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase feldspar)...

This paper examines the link between electoral incentives and environmental degradation by exploiting a satellite dataset on 107,000 forest fires 879 asynchronous district elections in Indonesia. Fires represent cheap but illegal means of converting forested land to other uses, they risk burning out control creating substantial negative externalities. We find significant cycle fires. Ignitions ...

Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a cutaneous genetic disease, which characterized by the loss of functional type VII collagen. The epidermis becomes extremely fragile without collagen, and patients suffer from repetitive blistering scar formation. RDEB caused mutations in COL7A1 gene (coding collagen), most have two different on each gene. Interestingly, it known that part s...

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A Discontinuous Galerkin method with interior penalties is presented for nonlinear Sobolev equations. A semi-discrete and a family of fully-discrete time approximate schemes are formulated. These schemes are symmetric. Hp-version error estimates are analyzed for these schemes. For the semi-discrete time scheme a priori L∞(H 1) error estimate is derived and similarly, l∞(H 1) and l2(H 1) for the...

Three Japanese patients (a man and his two sons) in a family with clinical diagnosis of familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) suffered from insulinoma(s), primary hyperparathyroidism and pituitary microadenoma. Genomic DNA of the patients was analyzed by sequencing for the MEN1 gene and an insertion of six nucleotides, CTGCAG, in exon 4, resulting in insertion of two amino acids, ...