The recreation specialization concept is finding increased use among leisure researchers. To date, it's application has been limited to studies of outdoor recreationists, including anglers (Bryan, 1977; Graefe, 1980; Ditton, Loomis, & Choi, 1992) boaters (Donnelly, Vaske, & Graefe, 1986), canoeists (Wellman, Roggenbuck, & Smith, 1982; Kaufman, 1984), hikers (Williams, & Huffman, 1986; Virden & ...

The outdoor recreation industry is heavily influenced by a dominant, heteronormative culture—a culture that defines the experience not only for participants but also people working within (Warren 2015; Holland, Powell, Thomsen, and Monz 2018). Those interested in advancing career as professional industry, particularly related to leadership adventure guiding, are often required engage variety of...

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences Two Spirit, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual, Plus non-conforming identities (LGBTQ+) individuals who have pursued a professional career in outdoor recreation industry. Six stories queer identity outdoors were gifted study, with understanding that not all LGBTQ+ experience same way. Each participant encouraged...

Rural–urban linkages have long been recognized as a potential rural economic development strategy. This article tests the effects of rural–urban created through food manufacturing, tourism, and data processing centers on per capita income, employment, population between 2009 2016. Using unique spatial interaction variables, we empirically estimate Carlino–Mills conditional growth model for all ...

The focus of the management outdoor activities is keeping participants safe. Developing safety practices (SMPs) encourages participants' safe behaviour (SB) and prevents accidents. study examined relationship between SMPs SB among participants. Two hundred fifty were respondents. Vinodkumar Bhasi questionnaire was administered to majority respondents, 49.4% (n=126), participated in once or twic...