background: the hepatic secretion of apolipoprotein b (apob), containing lipoproteins, is known to be regulated by insulin, and the overproduction of these atherogenic lipoproteins occurs in insulin-resistant states. protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b (ptp-1b) is a key regulator of hepatic insulin signaling and is also upregulated in insulin resistance. we aimed to investigate the role of ptp-1b i...

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) plays an important role in host defense, the modulation of inflammatory processes, and in surfactant-related functions of the lung. The human SPA (hSP-A) locus consists of two functional genes, SP-A1 and SP-A2. Several hSP-A 5’UTR splice variants for each gene have been characterized and shown to be translated in vitro and in vivo. In this report, we investigated the...

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) plays an important role in host defense, modulation of inflammatory processes, and surfactant-related functions of the lung. The human SP-A (hSP-A) locus consists of two functional genes, SP-A1 and SP-A2. Several hSP-A 5'-untranslated region (UTR) splice variants for each gene have been characterized and shown to be translated in vitro and in vivo. In this report, we...

Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) is the prototype of the genus Orthobunyavirus and the family Bunyaviridae. BUNV has a tripartite genome of negative-sense RNA composed of small (S), medium (M), and large (L) segments. Partially complementary untranslated regions (UTRs) flank the coding region of each segment. The terminal 11 nucleotides of these UTRs are conserved between the three segments and througho...

Preferential translation of Drosophila heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) mRNA requires only the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR). The sequence of this region suggests that it has relatively little secondary structure, which may facilitate efficient protein synthesis initiation. To determine whether minimal 5'-UTR secondary structure is required for preferential translation during heat shock, the eff...

AML1/RUNX1 belongs to the runt domain transcription factors that are important regulators of hematopoiesis and osteogenesis. Expression of AML1 is regulated at the level of transcription by two promoters, distal (D) and proximal (P), that give rise to mRNAs bearing two distinct 5' untranslated regions (5'UTRs) (D-UTR and P-UTR). Here we show that these 5'UTRs act as translation regulators in vi...

Background Anaerobic, mesophilic, and cellulolytic Clostridium papyrosolvens produces an efficient cellulolytic extracellular complex named cellulosome that hydrolyzes plant cell wall polysaccharides into simple sugars. Its genome harbors two long cellulosomal clusters: cip-cel operon encoding major cellulosome components (including scaffolding) and xyl-doc gene cluster encoding hemicellulases....

Approximately 80 long interspersed element (LINE-1 or L1) copies are able to retrotranspose actively in the human genome, and these are termed retrotransposition-competent L1s. The 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the human-specific L1 contains an internal promoter and several transcription factor binding sites. To better understand the effect of the L1 5' UTR on the evolution of human-specific ...