Precise localisation of cortical activation in the early development of the infant brain remains unclear. It is challenging to co-register haemodynamic responses during functional activation in infants with the underlying anatomy of the brain. We used a multispectral imaging algorithm to reconstruct 3D optical topographic images of haemodynamic responses in an infant during voice processing. In...

One problem with moiré topography for 3D surface metrology is the so called 2π-ambiguity limiting the maximum step height difference between two neighboring sample points to be less than half the equivalent wavelength of moiré fringes. To cope with the ambiguity problem, a special scheme of scanning moiré technique is proposed by resorting to the frequency domain fringe analysis that is in fact...

A complex geometric model for describing the 3D structure of plant canopies is presented. The Botanical Plant Modelling System (BPMS) allows a complete (topologically accurate) 3D geometric description of a canopy to be constructed. The model can be used for simulating the optical scattered radiation field of plant canopies, soil, or other topography through Monte Carlo ray tracing, which provi...

The advent and recent advances of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) have enabled accurate measurement of 3D ecosystem structure. Here, we review insights gained through the application of LiDAR to animal ecology studies, revealing the fundamental importance of structure for animals. Structural heterogeneity is most conducive to increased animal richness and abundance, and increased complexity...

The objective is to develop a data structure that is capable of handling large data volumes and offers support for querying, analysis and validation. Based on earlier results (i.e. the full decomposition of space, the use of a TEN structure and applying Poincaré simplicial homology as mathematical foundation) a simplicial complex-based TEN structure is developed. Applying simplicial homology of...

Within the context of 5-axis free-form machining, CAM software offers various ways of toolpath generation, depending on the geometry of the surface to be machined. Therefore, as the manufactured surface quality results from the choice of the machining strategy and machining parameters, the prediction of surface roughness in function of the machining conditions is an important issue in 5-axis ma...

Laser-controlled land leveling system can obviously improve the planeness of the field and enhance the efficiency of irrigation. The 3D topographic information was needed for project design and evaluation of laser land leveling. In order to obtain the topographic information efficiently, an onboard field 3D topography surveying system was developed. The surveying system consisted of a measuring...

Topographic features are well known to influence cell behaviour and can provide a powerful tool for engineering complex, functional tissues. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of formation of a stable micro-topography on plastic compressed (PC) collagen gels. The uni-directional fluid flow that accompanies PC of collagen gels creates a fluid leaving surface (FLS) and a non-fluid lea...

Methods The images of 11 adolescents (average age 15.05 years) with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) were selected for this study. Average Cobb angle 31.7° surface kyphosis angle 10.45° and surface lordosis angle 36.06°. An IRB was approved for this study. The merging algorithms were developed as an operational plug-in for OsiriX Imaging Software used in the facility for viewing medical im...

This paper reports a novel methodology and its application to the modeling of a complex 3D geometry on wafer from a layout data. Our modeling method comprises the steps of: drawing a mask layout; transforming the mask layout into a 3D structure by simulating the physical semiconductor process; and extracting device parameters by numerical technique. In order to estimate a 3D structure from the ...