Several molecules have been described as CD4+ T cells differentiation modulators and among them retinoic acid (RA) and more recently, IL-33, have been studied. Due to the similarities in T helper cell skewing properties between RA and IL-33, we asked whether IL-33 intersects, directly or indirectly, the RA signaling pathway. Total CD4+ T cells from DR5-luciferase mice were activated in the pres...

Shortage of reliable plasma assays has hampered studies of cholecystokinin (CCK). The assay problems are low plasma concentrations, extensive molecular heterogeneity, and close homology of CCK to gastrin, which circulates in higher concentrations. To develop an accurate CCK RIA, antibodies were raised in rabbits, guinea pigs, and mice in titers from 200 to 4000000. The specificity of the antise...