Traditionally, brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) extract motor commands from a single brain to control the movements of artificial devices. Here, we introduce a Brainet that utilizes very-large-scale brain activity (VLSBA) from two (B2) or three (B3) nonhuman primates to engage in a common motor behaviour. A B2 generated 2D movements of an avatar arm where each monkey contributed equally to X and...

Mapping and tracking biological ocean features, such as harmful algal blooms, is an important problem in the environmental sciences. The problem exhibits a high degree of uncertainty, because of both the dynamic ocean context and the challenges of sensing. Plan-based policy learning has been shown to be a powerful technique for obtaining robust intelligent behaviour in the face of uncertainty. ...

A method that combines the high speed of digital encryption and the high security of optical encryption with the advantages of electronic transmission, storage, and decryption is introduced. The encryption is performed by use of multi-dimensional lock on the hologram plan, providing high security in the encrypted image and a key with many degrees of freedom. We described how our method can be a...

This paper presents an indoor propagation model that uses image-based ray-tracing with a quasi-3D approach. A fast 2D algorithm finds the most relevant rays lying in the horizontal plan of the indoor environment. Then, every path is converted into five rays that lie in the vertical plane. As a consequence, the thirddimension effect is considered in the field computation. Comparisons were made w...

ion: To allow easy creation of visual objects containing code to draw themselves, we should provide a higher-level drawing mechanism than the AWT‟s screen-coordinate system. Objects should be concerned only with drawing themselves in virtual space; whilst the Display should allow the user to navigate this virtual space by zooming, translating and rotating his view. The plan is to first build th...

Most motion planners solve problems defined in a 2D workspace for mobile robots or in a 3D workspace for fixed-based manipulators or free-flying objects. Human beings move on a smooth or stair-like 2D surface of a 3D workspace. Such a motion-planning problem differ from the general piano mover’s problem on that the definition of obstacle region not only depends on the local relative height but ...

This paper considers the optimal feedback planning problem of a point robot among polygonal obstacles in R. In this problem the Euclidean distance traveled by the robot is minimized. The approximate optimal feedback plan is computed using a piecewise linear approximation of the costto-go function. The approximate cost-to-go function, in turn, satisfies the discrete version of dynamic programmin...

Elements of urban terrain models such as streets, pavements, lawns, walls, and fences are fundamental for effective recognition and convincing appearance of virtual 3D cities and virtual 3D landscapes. These elements complement important other components such as 3D building models and 3D vegetation models. This paper introduces an object-oriented, rule-based and heuristic-based approach for mod...

Virtual architectural (indoor) scenes are often modeled in 3D for various types of simulation systems. For instance, some authors propose methods dedicated to lighting, heat transfer, acoustic or radiowave propagation simulations. These methods rely in most cases on a volumetric representation of the environment, with adjacency and incidence relationships. Unfortunately, many buildings data are...

BACKGROUND Postoperative chemoradiotherapy is accepted as standard treatment for stage IB-IV, M0 gastric cancer. Radiotherapy (RT) planning of gastric cancer is important because of the low radiation tolerance of surrounding critical organs. The purpose of this study was to compare the dosimetric aspects of 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) treatment plans, with the twin aims of evaluat...