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Frequency hopping spread spectrum with noncoherent M-ary frequency shift keying system is considered. In this study Reed Solomon codes RS (255, 223) are employed in a standard error correction role to provide some Anti-Jamming (AJ) capability with 8-bit symbols. Noise has been added to RS encoded data, which is demodulated at RS decoder perfectly. Matlab simulations have been implemented for nu...

In this paper we present the simplest possible color balance algorithm. The assumption underlying this algorithm is that the highest values of R, G, B observed in the image must correspond to white, and the lowest values to obscurity. The algorithm simply stretches, as much as it can, the values of the three channels Red, Green, Blue (R, G, B), so that they occupy the maximal possible range [0,...

The Hong’s modified histogram shifting method is best method of reversible watermarking. But Hong’s modified histogram method is not suitable for cartoon images. Our improved backward histogram shifting method overcome drawback of Hong’s method. Generally PSNR decreases when embedding capacity increases. But our improved backward histogram shifting method gives more embedding capacity and high ...

The objective of this paper was to develop a means of rapidly obtaining RGB image data, as part of an effort to develop a low-cost method of image processing and analysis based on Microsoft Excel. A simple standalone GUI (graphical user interface) software application called RGBExcel was developed to extract RGB image data from any colour image files of any format. For a given image file, the o...

Laser resonance ionization spectroscopy was performed on the rare einsteinium isotopes $^{253\ensuremath{-}255}\mathrm{Es}$ at RISIKO mass separator in Mainz. With low sample sizes ranging down to femtograms, prominent 352 nm-ground-state transition measured all three isotopes, and four additional ground-state transitions were $^{254}\mathrm{Es}$. Hyperfine-structure analysis resulted assigned ...

Acemoglu, D., 34n1, 270 Aflatoxins, 50, 66 Africa commodity characteristics in, 234 comparative perspective of commodity characteristics overview, 221, 224 non-traditional export crops, 223–224 staple food crops, 221–222 traditional export crops, 222–223 food exports from, 4, 50 income, effect on high standards economy, 148 liberalization in overview, 9, 235 liberalization process, 240 non-trad...