To evaluate the optimal schedule of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) radiosensitization in rectal cancer, we investigated the interaction between radiation and several doses of 5-FU on colon cancer cell lines based on pharmacokinetics of oral fluoropyrimidine. Cellular cytotoxicity in colon cancer cell lines, LoVo, WiDr and Caco-2 was determined, using a WST-8 colorimetric assay, after 24 h exposure to se...

BACKGROUND To report on radiation-related side effects and complications after ruthenium-106 plaque brachytherapy of uveal melanomas. METHODS Medical records of 143 eyes with uveal melanoma, treated by ruthenium-106 brachytherapy between 1997 and 2012 at a single center, were analyzed. We evaluated the occurrence of radiation-related side effects on the anterior and posterior segment of the e...

Ionizing radiation can elicit harmful effects on the cardiovascular system at high doses. Endothelial cells are critical targets in radiation-induced cardiovascular damage. Astronauts performing a long-term deep space mission are exposed to consistently higher fluences of ionizing radiation that may accumulate to reach high effective doses. In addition, cosmic radiation contains high linear ene...

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of dose-volume factors on the development of radiation pneumonitis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who received twice-daily radiotherapy concurrently with carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy. METHODS Radiotherapy consisted of twice-daily fractionation of 1.2 Gy, to a total dose of 60 Gy. Weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel were used as a concurre...

Several studies suggested a causal link between AML1 gene rearrangements and both radiation-induced acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Fifty-three AML samples were analyzed for the presence of AML1 abnormalities using fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Of these patients, 24 had experienced radiat...

PURPOSE In a large-scale radiologic emergency, estimates of exposure doses and radiation injury would be required for individuals without physical dosimeters. Current methods are inadequate for the task, so we are developing gene expression profiles for radiation biodosimetry. This approach could provide both an estimate of physical radiation dose and an indication of the extent of individual i...

Purpose: Radiation remains a mainstay for the treatment of nonmetastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a malignancy characterized by a high rate of PI3K/ mTOR signaling axis activation. We investigated the ATP-competitive dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, PF-05212384, as a radiosensitizer in preclinical HNSCC models. Experimental Design: Extent of radiation enhancement of two HNSCC cel...

A. Singer, K. Tiedtke, and I. A. Vartanyants Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany (Dated: June 30, 2011) Abstract The average temporal (longitudinal) and spatial (transverse) coherence of free electron laser pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) at FLASH is measured by interfering two time-delayed partial beams directly on a CCD camera. Wavelengths between...

L-carnitine (LC) protects cells from peroxidative damage. In this study, we tested whether L-carnitine (LC) prevents radiation-induced cochlear damage after total cranial irradiation (radiotherapy; RT). Male albino guinea pigs were randomly distributed in 3 groups. The Control group (n = 11) received neither LC nor irradiation, but saline solution ip and sham irradiation for 5 days. The RT grou...

Ionizing radiation (IR) in cancer radiotherapy can induce damage to neighboring cells via non-targeted effects by irradiated cells. These so-called bystander effects remain an area of interest as it may provide enhanced efficacy in killing carcinomas with minimal radiation. It is well known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are ubiquitous among most biological activities. However, the role of ...