Purpose: To review the occurrence of macular retinal folds following retinal detachment surgery. Method: Review of the literature. Results: Macular folds have been reported in up to 3% of cases postoperatively. Risk factors are tamponading gas bubble, large exoplants, detachments with bullous configuration or running through the fovea, and incomplete drainage of subretinal fluid. Preventive mea...

We tested the hypothesis that variants in the gene encoding the prepropeptide YY (PYY) associate with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity. Mutation analyses of DNA from 84 patients with obesity and familial type 2 diabetes identified two polymorphisms, IVS3 68C>T and Arg72Thr, and one rare variant, 151C>A of PYY. The common allele of the Arg72Thr variant associated with type 2 diabetes with an allel...

Phacoemulsification with an intraocular lens implant is a safe and effective means of correction of visual loss from cataract. The high frequency of this procedure world wide means inevitable direct surgical complications will be numerous even though infrequent. The approach to correcting aphakia following complicated cataract surgery is dependent on multiple factors including the degree to whi...

Seedlings of Cucumis sativus L. (cv. 'Zhongnong 16') were artificially inoculated with Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) at the three-true-leaf stage. Leaf and flower samples were collected at different time points post-inoculation (10, 30 and 50 d), and processed by high throughput sequencing analysis to identify candidate miRNA sequences. Bioinformatic analysis using screening criter...

Purpose: To evaluate postoperative outcomes between pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and posterior episcleral buckle procedure (PEBP) in myopic eyes with retinal detachment (RD) and macular hole (MH). Design: Retrospective nonrandomized comparative interventional trial. Participants and Intervention: The study included 30 phakic, highly myopic eyes (from 19–30 negative diopters) of 30 patients with ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the food consumption and nutrient intakes of German children and adolescents in the 1980s with present dietary habits. DESIGN Two cross-sectional representative surveys, the German National Food Consumption Study (Nationale Verzehrsstudie, NVS) from 1985-8 and the nutrition module 'EsKiMo' of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents ...

The results here are based on formulae in the two appendices in R. Schack, C. M. Caves, and G. M. D’Ariano, “Hypersensitivity to perburbation in the quantum kicked top,” Phys. Rev. E 50, 972–987 (1994). The relevant equations in the two appendices are (A18) and (B5)–(B6). A preliminary version of the analysis here can be found at the end of Sec. V of R. Schack and C. M. Caves, “Information-theo...

Background: Traditionally laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed with four ports. In an attempt to improve cosmetic results and to reduce operative trauma following laparoscopic cholecystectomy, there are new operative techniques called natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) or single port laparoscopic surgery (SPLC). SPLC is regarded to provide excellent results in cosmesis...

Background: Fibre treatment often produces gaseous symptoms which have been attributed to fermentation by colonic bacteria with increased gas production. Effects of fibre ingestion on intestinal gas flow are unexplored. Aims: We aimed to test the hypothesis that consumption of a high fibre diet retards gas transit. Subjects: Ten healthy volunteers participated. Methods: To investigate the effec...

Data from 16-year-old Finnish twin pairs were used to estimate familial effects on religiosity and the modification of those effects by sex and residential region. The sample of 2265 twin boys and 2521 twin girls formed 779 monozygotic and 1614 dizygotic pairs, 785 of the same sex and 829 of opposite sex. We compared religiosity scores of twins living in more rural and traditional northern Finl...