Electronic cigarettes are quite a new potential source of nicotine addiction among youth. More research is needed, particularly on e-liquid use and socioeconomic factors as potential determinants. We studied changes from 2013 to 2015 in adolescent e-cigarette awareness and ever-use, types of e-liquids, and determinants in Finland. In 2015, we studied weekly use and reasons for ever-use. Data we...

Developing students' academic identityisessentialforachieving academic success in universities.In this regard, environmental psychologists believe that physical context directly affects the level of ones' place identity. In other words, more positive assessment of the environment results in higher place identity. It implies that the designer can strengthen the bond between person and place by d...

Background Understanding environmental factors affecting the educational process and including them in educational planning will lead into increased outcome of education, mental health, reduced stress, and higher education performance. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of educational spaces coloring on learning and academic achievement of elementary school students in the acad...

background: despite the advantages of dual peer mentoring, there are a few reports of implementing and evaluating such programs for medical students. this study aimed at exploring the perceptions of mentors and mentees about the dual peer mentoring program for the first year undergraduate medical students of tehran university of medical sciences.    methods: this qualitative study was conducted...

Les collections topologiques permettent de considérer uniformément de nombreuses structures de données dans un langage de programmation et sont manipulées par des fonctions définies par filtrage appelées des transformations. Nous présentons dans cet article deux systèmes de types pour des langages intégrant les collections topologiques et les transformations. Le premier est un système à typage ...