Primary lung cancer remains the most lethal of all malignancies. The cornerstone of therapy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is surgical resection by lobectomy with complete systematically lymphadenectomy (Hartwig & D’Amico, 2010). One of the initial reports on video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy was published 1994 by Robert McKenna (McKenna, 1994). Since then thoracoscopic...

Folate is an important micronutrient found in green vegetables, fruits and beans. The synthetic form that is added to foods and found in supplements is known as folic acid (FA). FA plays an essential role in several complex metabolic pathways including DNA synthesis and pathways that are involved in the methionine metabolic pathway, which is crucial for DNA methylation (Fenech et al., 2001; Eic...

In recent years, commercial demand for comfortable and quiet vehicles has encouraged the industrial development of methods to accommodate a balance of performance, efficiency, and comfort levels in new automotive year models. Particularly, the noise, vibration and harshness characteristics of cars and trucks are becoming increasingly important (see, e.g., (Buchholz, 2000), (Capitani et al., 200...

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure (BMF), clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells, and transformation to leukemia and other cancers (Ames et al., 1995; Boglilo et al., 2002; Cohen-Haguenauer et al., 2006; Cumming et al., 2001; Fagerlie et al., 2001; Jonkers et al., 2001; Suematsu et al., 2003). Somatic cell fusion studies show FA is genetical...

Life-history theory predicts that as males age they should increase investment in reproductive effort because their residual reproductive value (RRV) – the opportunity for future reproductive events – declines (Stearns 1992). Such investment is often manifested as age-related increases in the intensity, rate, or duration of a costly behaviour important for acquiring mates. Sexual traits showing...

The problem of object tracking has been subject to numerous studies and has gained a considerable interest (Aghajan & Cavallaro (2009); Gandhi & Trivedi (2007)) in the light of surveillance (Hu et al. (2004); Loza et al. (2009)), pedestrian protection systems (Gerónimo et al. (2010); Smith & Singh (2006); Forsyth et al. (2006)), vehicular traffic management, human vision systems (Chen & Yang (2...

Since the 1980’s, computational applications based on virtual reality (VR) aimed at treating mental disorders and rehabilitating individuals with cognitive or motor disabilities have been around. They started off by focusing on simple phobias like acrophobia (Emmelkamp et al., 2002) and agoraphobia (Botella et al., 2004), fear of flying (Rothbaum, Hodges, Smith, Lee & Price, 2000), and evolved ...

A significant proportion of cancer patients receive complementary medical/herbal therapy while undergoing conventional anti-cancer treatment (McEachrane-Gross et al., 2006; Inglin et al., 2008; Mueller et al., 2008; Yang et al., 2008; Supoken et al., 2009; Nazik et al., 2011). β-glucans (1,3-1,6 β-D-glucan) were recently reported to be one of the active ingredients responsible for the immunomod...

Prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) was first described over 30 years ago (Rahimtoola, 1978) for aortic valve replacement: when the in vivo effective orifice area (EOA) of the prosthetic valve is less than that of the native, non-diseased, human valve. Extensive documentation on the role of PPM after aortic valve replacement (AVR) particularly addresses left ventricular mass regression and patien...

Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma (EP-NEC) have been found in most organs, but the most common sites are the gastrointestinal tract, cervix uteri and urogenital tract (Strosberg et al., 2010, Walenkamp et al., 2009). Recently it has been defined as a pathological entity in breast cancer (Tavassoli et al., 2003). Additionally, in up to 30% of EPNEC cases, no primary site can be identified ...