We investigate the relation between the equivalent width of He ii emission lines and the monochromatic continuum luminosity at the line wavelength in the spectra of Wolf-Rayet stars. Model stellar atmospheres and spectra are used to show that the equivalent width inversely correlates with the monochromatic continuum luminosity. We find the effect in Wolf-Rayet star models over a large range of ...

BACKGROUND Orussus minutus is an uncommonly collected parasitoid sawfly known from the eastern United States. NEW INFORMATION We report specimens Orussus minutus Middlekauff, 1983, from Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, and Manitoba, which represent new state and province records and significantly expand the known range of the species west from previous records; provide collection information for un...

On August 1, 2006, a federal district judge sent Josh Wolf, a freelance video journalist and blogger, to prison. Wolf, a recent college graduate who did not work for a mainstream media organization at the time, captured video footage of an anti-capitalist protest in California and posted portions of the video on his blog. As part of an investigation into charges against protestors whose identit...

To assess the relationship between predation risk perceived by elk (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) as evidenced by vigilance, we conducted focal animal observations in elk winter range.We stratified our observations in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, andWaterton Lakes National Park, Alberta, Canada, in valleys with three wolf (Canis lupus L., 1758) population levels (Saint Mary Valley: no wolf; ...

Vocal divergence within species often corresponds to morphological, environmental, and genetic differences between populations. Wolf howls are long-range signals that encode individual, group, and subspecies differences, yet the factors that may drive this variation are poorly understood. Furthermore, the taxonomic division within the Canis genus remains contended and additional data are requir...

In this paper we compare the Wolf method to the shifted forces (SF) method for efficient computer simulation of bulk systems with Coulomb forces, taking results from the Ewald summation and particle mesh Ewald methods as representing the true behavior. We find that for the Hansen-McDonald molten salt model the SF approximation overall reproduces the structural and dynamical properties as accura...

Despite ethical arguments against lethal control of wildlife populations, culling is routinely used for the management of predators, invasive or pest species, and infectious diseases. Here, we demonstrate that culling of wildlife can have unforeseen impacts that can be detrimental to future conservation efforts. Specifically, we analyzed genetic data from eastern wolves (Canis lycaon) sampled i...

A modified variant of gray wolf optimization algorithm, namely, mean gray wolf optimization algorithm has been developed by modifying the position update (encircling behavior) equations of gray wolf optimization algorithm. The proposed variant has been tested on 23 standard benchmark well-known test functions (unimodal, multimodal, and fixed-dimension multimodal), and the performance of modifie...

Like most results in information theory, the classical Slepian-Wolf theorem is asymptotic. We characterize how quickly the limits put forth by information theory can be reached. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we investigate the non-asymptotic regime for two binary sources that generate sequences with a symmetric joint distribution. Second, we provide tight converse and achievable bounds a...

our aim in this study was to identify and characterize allergic proteins in cooked wolf herring fish. we heated the crude extract alternatively at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100°c for one hour and results were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). also, proteins were immunoblotted with fish-sensitive patients’ sera. the major allergenic proteins were ide...