Abstract A leaky gut has been linked to numerous autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We had previously reported significant upregulation of anti-flagellin antibodies in the blood SLE patients and lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice, which led our hypothesis that a drove through bacterial flagellin-mediated activation toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). Here, we investigated initia...

Sex differences exist in the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis following exposure to stress, and the stress response is further affected by aging. This study was conducted to elucidate the mechanism of hypophagia in aged female mice exposed to stress. Immediately after a stress load, aged female mice exhibited acute hypophagia and a rise in plasma corticosterone levels. The ...

Background: NK cells act as one of the most important immunosurveillance mechanisms eliminating cancer cells. recognize Fc portions antibodies binding to surface antigens and release cytotoxic granules cytokines. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is major NK-dependent killing mechanisms, activated for example by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, such anti-CD20 antibody ritux...

Neurosteroids represent a class of endogenous compounds that exert rapid, nongenomic effects through neurotransmitter receptor systems such as GABA(A). Two neurosteroids, allopregnanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one) and pregnanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one), possess anxiolytic and sedative properties and show substitution for ethanol, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates in...

Bioassays for the carcinogenicity of nitrilotriacetic acid, trisodium salt, monohydrate (Na3-NTA-H2O) were conducted at Stanford Research Institute (SRI), using Fischer 344 rats and at Litton Bionetics, Inc. (LBI), using both Fischer 344 rats, and B6C3F1 mice. Similar bioassays using rats and mice, were conducted at LBI on the free acid, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). Each chemical was mixed in r...

Buruli Ulcer is a neglected tropical disease leading to extensive disabilities and morbidity in West Africa. In this paper we sought to characterize various strains of Mycobacterium ulcerans (M.ulcerans) with different origins and laboratory passage records while refining a mouse model for Buruli ulcer. We described, compared and followed the kinetics of the histo-pathological outcome of infect...

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin isolated from Fusarium fungi that contaminate crops worldwide. A previous study demonstrated that FB1 promoted preneoplastic foci in initiated rats and induced hepatocellular carcinomas in BD IX rats at 50 parts per million (ppm), but fundamental dose-response data were not available to assist in setting regulatory guidelines for this mycotoxin. To provide this...

been recognized for many years (1, 7, 11). Estro gen-treated mice of some strains have a higher incidence of lyrnphomas than untreated controls (5, 6), andtestosterone propionate decreased the incidence of such tumors when given with estro gen (5). Sex differences in the incidence of lym phomas in untreated mice have not been noted generally, but in mice of one strain, at least, fe males showed...