Here, we propose valley-selective excitations via a two-color $(\ensuremath{\omega}+2\ensuremath{\omega})$ laser field, made by superimposing two linearly polarized pulses at frequencies $\ensuremath{\omega}$ and $2\ensuremath{\omega}$. We have studied the intensity ratio between few-cycle pulse of an $2\ensuremath{\omega}$ laser, its enhancement factor employing time-dependent first-principles...

Optimized root system deployment should enable moreefficient nutrient acquisition and increased crop yields. C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) hormones and their receptors, which regulate root growth, could be important in research with this aim. Roberts et al. (pages 4889–4899 in this issue) suggest that the full extent of CEP function and signalling is highly complex, and we emerge with a pi...

Endpoints are response variables, or outcomes, that are measured during the course of a clinical trial. I consider endpoints that are either events (e.g., death) or the time to an occurrence of an event (e.g., time to disease progression). A composite endpoint (CEP) is an endpoint that consists of a number of component endpoints, and is considered to have occurred as soon as any one of its comp...

This paper introduces the concept of Pigou-Dalton transfers between populations of income receivers. Gini’s mean difference and Dagum’s Gini index between populations are axiomatically derived in order to gauge the impact of withinand between-group PigouDalton transfers on Dagum’s measure. We show its sensitiveness for any given transfer in the sense that inequality-reducing transfers are captu...

This study was amid to biogenic synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) and evaluated its chemical-physical biomedical properties. The currently used reducing agent is Polyalthia sclerophylla (CEPS). As a reducer, crude extract leaves (CEPS) used, while silver nitrate (AgNO3) as an initiator. Two samples were prepared named AgNPs-a AgNPs-b, respectively. carried out characterize their biologi...

Well-conducted randomized controlled trials are instrumental in providing vital data on safety and efficacy of new molecules under consideration for approval. However acquiring such data involves huge cost and focused scientific endeavor. Selection and reporting of endpoints of a therapy is essential to assess the effect(s) of an intervention on overall disease control and guidelines have sugge...

BACKGROUND Despite the consistent clinical results demonstrated by studies on anti-angiogenic drugs targeted against the vascular endothelial growth factor in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients, no specific direct/indirect biomarker of their efficacy has been validated. In this field, circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (CEPs) have recently been propo...

RIDGE, ENDEAVOUR CRATER, MARS: OPPORTUNITY OBSERVATIONS. D. W. Mittlefehldt1, R. Gellert2, D. W. Ming1, R. V. Morris1, C. Schröder3, A. S. Yen4, W. H. Farrand5, R. E. Arvidson6, B. J. Franklin4, J. A. Grant7, K. E. Herkenhoff8, B. L. Jolliff6 and the Athena Science Team. 1NASA/Johnson Space Center, ([email protected]), 2University of Guelph, 3University of Stirling, 4JPL/Caltech, 5S...