إن الأبحاث التي تناولت الكتابة عن الهجر بشكل عام في عصر الملك عبد العزيز سواء كانت عربية أو أجنبية ابتعدت الهدف المنشود لتأسيس هذه من قبل العزيز، وهو توطين البادية أي جعل البدو يستقرون أماكن متحضرة للسيطرة عليهم، وجعل منهم مواطنين مستقرين مجتمع مدني متحضر ومتعلم، يعتمد على الزراعة والامتهان، وهذا مما لاشك فيه كان جملة الأهداف سعى إليها إنشاء الهجر. أما الجانب العسكري داخل الهجر، ودوره الأمني، ف...

Note In line with the Freedom of Information Act 2000, Defra aims to place the results of its completed research projects in the public domain wherever possible. The SID 5 (Research Project Final Report) is designed to capture the information on the results and outputs of Defra-funded research in a format that is easily publishable through the Defra website. A SID 5 must be completed for all pr...

A precise determination of direct and indirect costs of implementing the Freedom of Information Act is not possible because agencies generally lack detailed supporting records. Costs of over $61 million were identified mainly from agencies’ 1981 annual reports. The reports vary widely in the ways costs are categorized and measured but provide an indicator of total cost. Inquiries at four agenci...

This article addresses the U.S. Supreme Court's central purpose formulation in Reporters Committee v. Department of Justice under the federal Freedom of Information Act. By examining all lower federal court opinions interpreting Reporters Committee and by analyzing the effects of the Court's opinion on the implementation of the FOIA, the paper finds that the Court's opinion has greatly narrowed...

4. We will publish an analysis of responses to the consultation. Additionally, all responses may be disclosed on request, under the terms of the Freedom of Information Act. The Act gives a public right of access to any information held by a public authority, in this case HEFCE. This includes information provided in response to a consultation. We have a responsibility to decide whether any respo...

Schisandra sphenanthera is widely used as a tonic and restorative in many countries to enhance the function of liver and other organs. Wuzhi tablet (WZ) is a preparation of an ethanol extract of Schisandra sphenanthera. Our previous study demonstrated that WZ exerted a protective effect toward acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanisms of this protection rema...