In four experiments, we investigated the influence of timbre on perceived interval size. In Experiment 1, musically untrained participants heard two successive tones and rated the pitch distance between them. Tones were separated by six or seven semitones and varied in timbre. Pitch changes were accompanied by a congruent timbre change (e.g., ascending interval involving a shift from a dull to ...

A new method for cardiovascular shunt detection is described using the indicator-dilution principle applied to blood conductivity changes produced by 5 per cent saline. It possesses these distinct advantages over the Evans blue technic: (1) an unlimited number of deter-minations can be made without an increasing blood dye background or bluish discoloration of the patient, (2) oximetric determin...

the cane alcohol vinasse assessment on the removal efficiency of a fixed biomass anaerobic reactor (fbar) was evaluated. crude vinasse was used to feed the reactor. the fbar was operated with organic load rate (olr) of 0.5, 1, 3 and 6 gcod/l/d. removal efficiencies of 85, 82, 75 and 66 per cent were observed respectively. the fba reactor presented an excellent removal of organic matter, however...

Evidence regarding visually guided limb movements suggests that the motor system learns and maintains neural maps between motor commands and sensory feedback. Such systems are hypothesized to be used in a feed-forward control strategy that permits precision and stability without the delays of direct feedback control. Human vocalizations involve precise control over vocal and respiratory muscles...

the reactions of pb(c10 ) , and pb(scn) with meso-5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl- 1,4,8,ll ,tetra-azacyclotetradecane (c ,h ,n = l) yielded colorless crystals of lpb(ci o ) (1) and lpb(ncs) (2), respectively. their structures were determined by x-ray crystallography. crystal data: 1 monoclinic, p 2 /c, a =11.293 (4) ?, b = 16.382 (6) ? , c = 21.518(4) ?, ? = 92.14(2)?, z = 4, moka, 1824 observed (1>...

Papers published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions are under open-access review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Abstract This paper presents a case study to estimate peak discharges of extreme flood events of Neckar River in southwestern Germany during the 19th century. It was carried out within the BMBF research project RIMAX (Risk Management of Extreme Flo...

a serum survey was conducted to determine the immune status of children 2 months to 6 years old to polio virus type i, ii and iii related to the history of oral polio vaccination in fashapouye (a rural area in the south of teheran). 566 serum samples were obtained from children in 9 different villages and microneutra lization test was performed on 1;10 dilution of these sera. the study revealed...

In this study, based on spontaneous speech corpus, the F0 values and the F0 ranges of 79 speakers are analyzed. It is found that when F0 value is converted to semitone, there is no difference between the ranges of the two genders. Intonation phrases can be classified according to their pitch range and pitch register.

For a finite group $G$‎, ‎let $Cent(G)$ denote the set of centralizers of single elements of $G$‎. ‎In this note we prove that if $|G|leq frac{3}{2}|Cent(G)|$ and $G$ is 2-nilpotent‎, ‎then $Gcong S_3‎, ‎D_{10}$ or $S_3times S_3$‎. ‎This result gives a partial and positive answer to a conjecture raised by A‎. ‎R‎. ‎Ashrafi [On finite groups with a given number of centralizers‎, ‎Algebra‎ ‎Collo...