CONTEXT QT interval duration is longer in women than in men. Sex steroid hormones have inconsistently been suggested to explain this difference. The implication of gonadotropins has never been studied. OBJECTIVE We report here the combined influence of sex steroid hormones and gonadotropins on QT interval duration in healthy subjects and patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) as a...

Estrogen deficiency is considered to be the main cause of increased appetite and increased weight in postmenopausal women. In this period, reduced secretion of melatonin (MEL) was also observed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the secretion of melatonin, 17-β estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in relation to body mass index (BMI) in pre- and postmenopausal women. The study in...

The lower risk of coronary artery disease in premenopausal women than in men and postmenopausal women implicates sex steroids in cardioprotective processes. β-Estradiol upregulates liver low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which, in turn, decreases circulating levels of low-density lipoprotein, which is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Conversely, LDLR protein is negatively regul...

this study was inducted to elucidate the effect of different steroid hormones on simultaneous maturation of oocytes in caspian salmon. oocytes were incubated with 1, 10, 100 and 1000 ng/ml of testosterone, progesterone and 17 β stradiol, in vitro, for 40 hrs. gvbd was considered as hormones effectiveness. 17β estradiol was effective just in 1000 ng/ml and testosterone had no positive effect on ...

Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disrupting chemical which has been shown to be able to modulate endocrine system of various organisms by different mechanisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effects of  4-NP and 17-β-estradiol (E2) on immune parameters (IgM level and lysozyme activity) of   Koi carp (Cyprinus the carpio carpio)  in an attempt to expand the knowledg...

Steroid hormones play important roles in the regulation of whole body metabolism. Skeletal muscle is an insulin-responsive organ with a key role in overall substrate metabolism. Disturbances in skeletal muscle metabolism, as a result of hormonal imbalance may be an underlying defect in metabolic disease. Reduced insulin-responsive glucose disposal in skeletal muscle is a characteristic feature ...

The development and progression of cardiac hypertrophy often leads to heart failure and death, and important modulators of hypertrophy include the histone deacetylase proteins (HDACs). Estrogen inhibits cardiac hypertrophy and progression in animal models and humans. We therefore investigated the influence of 17-β-estradiol on the production, localization, and functions of prohypertrophic (clas...