Ca2+ is a widely used hormonal second-messenger in the cytosol of mammalian cells [ 11. The processes stimulated by increased cytosolic Ca2+ are often energy-requiring, e.g. contraction, secretion, yet rarely are decreases in cellular ATP/ADP ratios observed under such circumstances 121. There is now good evidence that a compensatory increase in oxidative metabolism and hence ATP production is ...

Researchers involved with longitudinal studies are faced with the problem of trying to get study subjects to return for every follow-up visit. There is always some amount of missing data when looking at these types of studies. The MIXED procedure of the SAS enables examination of correlational structures and variability changes between repeated measurements on experimental units across time. Wh...

Single loop detectors provide the most abundant source of traffic data in California, but loop data samples are often missing or invalid. We describe a method that detects bad data samples and imputes missing or bad samples to form a complete grid of ‘clean data’, in real time. The diagnostics algorithm and the imputation algorithm that implement this method are operational on 14,871 loops in s...

The Madrid–Barcelona air route constitutes one of the main aerial routes in the European corridor in terms of traffic demand (4.2 million passengers in 2003). To deal with such a high demand, three airline companies (Iberia, Air Europa, and Span Air) globally offer more than 60 flights per day either way. Currently, the construction of a high-speed railway line between the two cities is under w...

The present study investigates the effect of the Sodium Fluoride (NaF) on Wistar Albino mice. The animals have been divided into three batches each containing five individuals among which 1 batch served as control while, remaining two batches were treated with 5 and 10ppm respectively. After completion of exposure, the animals were subjected to behavioural studies. Then the animals were sacrifi...

We analyze a 15-year time series of North American electric power transmission system blackouts for evidence of self-organized criticality. The probability distribution functions of various measures of blackout size have a power tail and R/S analysis of the time series shows moderate long time correlations. Moreover, the same analysis applied to a time series from a sandpile model known to be s...