Background The presence of pain during movement typically results in changes in technique. However, the physical properties of water, such as flotation, means that water-based exercise may not only reduce compensatory movement patterns but also allow pain sufferers to complete exercises that they are unable to perform on land. The purpose of this study was to assess bilateral kinematics during ...

Soil compaction is an important physical limiting factor for the root growth and plant emergence and is one of the major causes for reduced crop yield worldwide. The objective of this study was to generate 2D/3D soil compaction maps for different depth layers of the soil. To do so, a soil penetrometer was designed, which was mounted on the three-point hitch of an agricultural tractor, consistin...

A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different depths ofnitrogen (N) fertiliser placements on N accumulation, remobilisation and NO3−-Ncontent in soil of rainfed wheat. Nitrogen was applied on the surface (D1) and inthe 10 cm (D2), 20 cm (D3) and 30 cm (D4) soil layers from 2010 to 2012.Compared with D1 and D2, D3 and D4 treatments obtained significant higher Ndistribution...

the overgrazing and excessive utilization of rangelands has caused vegetationand soil degradation in many rangelands. in the rangeland management, the soil andvegetation elements, environmental factors and livestock should be considered as decisionmaking agents. various methods are applicable for the rangeland restoration as contourfurrows and mortar stone dam. in order to evaluate the effects ...

The overgrazing and excessive utilization of rangelands has caused vegetationand soil degradation in many rangelands. In the rangeland management, the soil andvegetation elements, environmental factors and livestock should be considered as decisionmaking agents. Various methods are applicable for the rangeland restoration as contourfurrows and mortar stone dam. In order to evaluate the effects ...

Measurements of the statistical characteristics of umbra and sunflecks at different depths inside a willow coppice — Salix viminalis and Salix dasyclados — were carried out at Tartu Observatory, Tõravere, Estonia, in 1997. A new instrument, the sunfleck indicator, constructed by M. Sulev, was used. This instrument, moving perpendicularly to rows in the horizontal direction, counts the number an...

Soil temperature can fluctuate dynamically, suggesting a possible chaotic behavior in such time series, as this can have a significant bearing on hydrological models, solar energy and other agricultural applications. Hence, this paper reports an investigation into the detection of a possible existence of chaotic behavior in the monthly soil temperature time series at five depths (5, 10, 20, 50 ...

In the Czech Republic, afforestation of agricultural land has been supported by providing subsidies from government and European Union. Afforestation less-productive provides many benefits including carbon sequestration, soil erosion control, biodiversity, water retention, cooling, social benefits, decreasing noise light pollution, increasing air quality, wind speed reduction, oxygen production...

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different sowing depths and light intensities on emergence development monocot weed species, Urochloa decumbens Cenchrus echinatus, under field conditions. Each species constituted an experiment, experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. The treatments were arranged in a 6 x 4 factorial scheme, six (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 1...

Growing cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in an agroforestry system generates a productive use of the land, preserves the best conditions for physical, chemical and biological properties of tropical soils, and plays an important role in improving cacao production and fertility of degraded tropical soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of two long term agroforestry systems of cacao ma...