Several studies have been conducted to assess the influence of genetic variation on genome-wide gene expression profiles measured by the microarray technologies. Due to substantial noise in microarray-based experiments, it has long been recognized that proper normalization is a crucial step to ensure sensitive and reliable downstream analyses. This is especially true when large number of sample...

Experimental infection of mice with Sendai virus (SeV) is frequently used as a model of viral pathogenesis of human respiratory disease. To understand the differences in host response to SeV among mice strains, we carried out genetic mapping studies in DBA/2 (D2) (susceptible) and C57BL/6 (B6) (resistant) mice. F(1), F(2), and N(2) backcrossed mice were generated and examined for their disease ...

The purpose of study was to compare three different age groups of Mushki Aseel, an indigenous chicken breed maintained at Indigenous Chicken Genetic Resource Center (ICGRC), Department of Poultry Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore for the duration of 4 weeks. For this, 24 birds (21 females and 3 males) of three different age groups (40, 70 and 100 weeks) were mainta...

To investigate the primary structural determinants affecting heat resistance of Clostridium sporogenes spores, electron micrographs of heat-sensitive (D121 degrees C = 0.56 min) and heat-resistant (D121 degrees C = 0.93 min) spores of C. sporogenes were taken with a transmission electron microscope. The mean thickness (+/- standard deviation [SD]) of coat layers and cortex regions of heat-sensi...

background and aim: the present study aimed at determination of the fatigue resistance and failure mode of cusp-replacing onlays in endodontically treated premolars using indirect composite resin restorations. materials and method: in this experimental study, 84 human premolars were randomly divided into 7 groups of 12. these groups were prepared as follows: intact teeth used in group1 as contr...