This paper employs meta-analysis to determine the influence of computer-based scaffolding characteristics and study and test score quality on cognitive outcomes in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education at the secondary, college, graduate, and adult levels. Results indicate that (a) computer-based scaffolding positively influences learning (g = 0.53), (b) studies with zero ...

The objective of this paper is to describe empirical studies evaluating the impact of reference pricing interventions in pharmaceutical markets, and to assess the quality of their evaluation method. A total of ten studies were included in the review. The nature of the intervention, the nature of the data available, the nature of the question to be answered, and the requirements of the evaluatio...

Honing and Ladinig (2008) make the assertion that while the internal validity of web-based studies may be reduced, this is offset by an increase in external validity possible when experimenters can sample a wider range of participants and experimental settings. In this paper, the issue of internal validity is more closely examined, and it is agued that there is no necessary reason why internal ...

background and purpose: satisfaction with marital life is the most important issue in the joint life, which has the greatest effect on durability and failure of couple’s lives. based on this, the main goal of the present research is to study the effectiveness of teaching intervention based on internal locus of control in increasing marital adjustment and satisfaction has been investigated. mate...

BACKGROUND There is evidence that drinking during residential treatment is related to various factors, such as patients' general control beliefs and self-efficacy, as well as to external control of alcohol use by program's staff and situations where there is temptation to drink. As alcohol use during treatment has been shown to be associated with the resumption of alcohol use after discharge fr...

The aim of this research was to revise Rotter’s (1966) internal–external locus of control (LOC) scale, and especially to examine the feasibility of its use in Chinese organizations. The present study had 306 full-time employees and results showed that our Chinese revision of Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale retained a single-factor structure. The scale had acceptable reliability, good criterion-...