RESUMEN Physical models of Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) that do not depend on secondary calibrators have indicated that the Hubble Constant must be ∼ 65 km s −1 Mpc −1 for well over a decade with the range of uncertainty shrinking with the sophistication of the models. This estimate is in good agreement with those based on HST observations of Cepheid variables and with purely empirical methods ba...

Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is a member of a family of neurotrophic factors that is required for the differentiation, migration, and development of neurons. NRG-1 signaling is thought to contribute to both neuronal development and the neuropathology of schizophrenia, which is believed to be a neurodevelopmental disorder. However, few studies have investigated the role of NRG-1 on voltage-gated ion cha...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated dementia (HAD) usually occurs late in the course of HIV-1 infection and the mechanisms underlying HAD pathogenesis are not well understood. Accumulating evidence indicates that neuronal voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels play an important role in memory processes and acquired neuronal channelopathies in HAD. To examine whether Kv channel...

IA-2 is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. Autoantibodies to IA-2 appear years before the development of clinical disease and are being widely used as predictive markers to identify individuals at risk for developing type 1 diabetes. IA-2 is an enzymatically inactive member of the transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase family and is an integral component of secretory granules in neuroe...

The mechanism of induction of murine macrophage Ia expression by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied. Intraperitoneal injection of 1 microgram of LPS resulted in a 3- to 10-fold increase in the number of IA-positive peritoneal macrophages (flow cytometry and immunofluorescence and a 6-to 16-fold increase by radioimmunoassay. The isolated lipid A moiety of LPS was a potent inducer of macrophage...

IA-2 is a major target of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. IA-2 responsive T cells recognize determinants within regions represented by amino acids 787-817 and 841-869 of the molecule. Epitopes for IA-2 autoantibodies are largely conformational and not well defined. In this study, we used peptide phage display and homology modeling to characterize the epitope of a monoclonal IA-2 Ab (96/3) from...

conclusions ia fluid resuscitation is superior to iv resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock induced cardiac arrest. results while iv rl infusion failed to restore chest motion in mice (n = 5), ia rl infusion restored chest motion in all mice examined (n = 6) (p = 0.0067). in three mice, iv rl infusion after cardiac arrest showed no effect on cc. after failure of venous infusion, ia rl infusion was ...

Because Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are not perfect standard candles, it is important to be able to use distance–independent observables (DIOs) to define subsets of SNe Ia that are " nearly standard candles " or to correct SN Ia absolute magnitudes to make them nearly homogeneous (" standardized candles "). This is not crucial for the measurement of H 0 , but it is for the measurement of q 0 an...

The initiation of many antigen-specific, T-dependent immune responses requires the participation of accessory cells that express Ia antigens (1, 2). Recent evidence indicates that the Ia antigen expression of macrophages, a principle class of accessory cells, is regulated by lymphokines: Ste inman et al. (3) have reported that culture supernatants of Trypanosoma cruzi-activated spleen cells enh...