This study aimed to explore the function and frequency of textual metadiscourse markers (MDMs) in scientific English and Persian texts. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of textual markers characterizing the selected genre, four different textbooks, two written in English and two in Persian were analyzed to identify the textual metadiscourse categories (including logical marker...

Based on a discussion of current issues in teaching business Chinese, this article proposes an ethnographic approach for the teaching of business Chinese. Specifically, it highlights the imperative for the ethnographic approach and details the components of this approach. In the discussion, reference is made to the research findings in contrastive rhetoric, ethnographic research and genre analy...

The genre of sales promotion communication can be perceived as social processes; they are apt to be dynamic and evolving. The genre can be realized through socially recognized forms of texts; these forms arise from recurrent social situations and gradually become conventionalized and typified responses to similar situations. Each form is realized through a schematic structure, which refers to t...

language must be studied as a social behavior and the aim of language instruction must be to facilitate learners’ acquisition of communicative competence; the ability to speak both accurately and appropriately. rules of speaking must be included into second language classroom teaching. we should teach linguistic rules along with social rules. in this study a number of social functions in persia...

Contrastive Analysis (= CA) In the 1940s to 1960s before the SLA field as we know it was established, Charles Fries (1945:9) wrote: "The most efficient materials are those that are based upon a scientific description of the language to be learned, carefully compared with a parallel description of the native language of the learner." Robert Lado, Linguistics Across Cultures, 1957: "Individuals t...

We present a new technique called contrastive principal component analysis (cPCA) that is designed to discover low-dimensional structure that is unique to a dataset, or enriched in one dataset relative to other data. The technique is a generalization of standard PCA, for the setting where multiple datasets are available – e.g. a treatment and a control group, or a mixed versus a homogeneous pop...

the present research aims to examine the effect of task-based syllabus and contrastive analysis of nominal and verbal phrases in persian and lari languages on enhancing persian knowledge of lari speakers. to do so, a sample of 60 subjects in second year of elementary school was selected through multistage and purposive sampling. then, they were divided into two thirty-student groups, one experi...

We were focusing on the core test. One primary and two contrastive systems were submitted. Primary system was a fusion of all GMM-UBM, SVM-GSV and SVM-GLDS systems described in this paper. The first contrastive system was a fusion of GMM-UBM based systems described in Section 3.1, the next was a fusion of SVM based systems described in Section 3.2. All the submitted scores can be interpreted as...

The paper discusses the methods followed to re-use a large-scale, broad-coverage English grammar for constructing similar scale grammars for Bulgarian, Czech and Russian for the fast prototyping of a multilingual generation system. We present (1) the theoretical and methodological basis for resource sharing across languages, (2) the use of a corpus-based contrastive register analysis, in partic...