elimination of potyviruses from two commercial iranian garlic populations, hamedan and azar-shahr, through thermotherapy and by meristem tip culture were investigated. the infected bulbs of either one of the populations were initially treated at 30o c for one week and then at 36oc for 5 weeks. the meristems of cloves at two sizes of 0.4-0.6 mm and 0.6-0.8 mm were then cultured on ms medium supp...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of cervical preflaring on determination of the initial apical file in mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars. Fifty first molars with degree of curvature of the mesiobuccal root between 10 degrees and 15 degrees were utilized. After standard access opening and removal of pulp tissue, the working length (WL) was determined at 1 mm from th...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of cervical preflaring on determination of the initial apical file in maxillary lateral incisors. Forty human lateral incisors with complete root formation were used. After standard access cavities, a size 06 K-file was inserted into each canal until the apical foramen was reached. The WL (WL) was set 1 mm short of the apical foramen. F...

the reproductive biology of the iranian cichlid, iranocichla hormuzensis coad, 1988, was investigated for 13 consecutive months in lower mehran river, from august 2008 through august 2009. four hundred and eighty six individuals (252 males and 234 females) were captured using a seine net (5 mm mesh size). the observed sex ratio was 1m: 0.93f (χ², df = 1, p = 0.414). mean ± sd of total length (t...

background: tetraploid rainbow trout has a key role in producing infertile triploid fish by indirect method and introducing them in cultivation system. objectives: the purpose of the present study was to determine the optimal heat shock for tetraploidy induction in rainbow trout with emphasis on egg size. methods: the efficiency of different shock temperatures: 28, 30 and 32 °c, durations: 1, 5...

Observations of the microtubular 'km' system and filamentous ' M ' systems in living specimens of Stentor coerulens show that on contraction of the body both systems shorten, thicken and remain straight, but that on initial relaxation they behave differently: the km fibres begin to lengthen later than the M fibres, the latter being thrown into sinuous folds. Electron microscopy of specimens coo...

Objective(s): The partial volume effect (PVE) of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) on corpus striatum imaging is caused by the underestimation of specific binding ratio (SBR). A large ROI (region of interest) set using the Southampton method is independent of PVE for SBR. The present study aimed to determine the optimal ROI size with contrast and SBR for striatum images and val...

Combined QM/MM calculations of an activesite of Cytochrome P450cam have been performed, before and after a binding process of Cytochrome P450cam to Putidaredoxin. The calculations have been carried out for two coordination spheres of the heme active-site of Cytochrome P450cam, namely a 5-coordinated, and a 6coordinated system of this protein having a water molecule as a 6th ligand. An experimen...