Based on surface energy balance and the assumption of fairly invariant evaporative fraction (EF) during daytime, this study proposes a new parameterization scheme of directly estimating daily EF. Daily EF is parameterized as a function of temporal variations in surface temperature, air temperature, and net radiation. The proposed EF parameterization scheme can well reproduce daily EF estimates ...

A new approach is proposed for quantifying the degree of articulator movement within a phoneme as a single scalar value, using vocal tract images captured using dynamic MRI. This indicates the degree of physical movement of the articulators involved in speech production, rather than the acoustic consequences of that movement. We go on to show that this is a valid method for characterising the o...

The objective of the research is to characterize the surface spectral reflectance of the nearshore waters using atmospheric correction code—Tafkaa for retrieval of the marine water constituent concentrations from hyperspectral data. The study area is the nearshore waters of New York/New Jersey considered as a valued ecological, economic and recreational resource within the New York metropolitan...

For clarity, the Pearson R and R are given in Table 1 below for all the theoretical cases posed. It corrects the correlation coefficients in Figure 3 and in the discussion of signal over noise in the “Strengths and Weaknesses” section. It should be noted that our use of R is based on squaring the Pearson value, not based on a calculation of the coefficient of determination (also called R). The ...

This paper assesses the adequacy of model fit of the split-plot design models that is the whole plot (WP) sub design model with WP error and the split-plot (SP) sub design model with SP error using the four measures of adequacy of fit for the WP and SP sub designs proposed by Almimi et al. [3] which are the R 2 , R 2 -Adjusted, Prediction Error Sum of Square (PRESS) and R 2 -Prediction statisti...

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of the hydrologic cycle, accounting for ~70% of precipitation in the conterminous U.S. (CONUS), but it has been a challenge to predict accurately across different spatio-temporal scales. The increasing availability of remotely sensed data has led to significant advances in the frequency and spatial resolution of ET estimates, derived from energy balanc...

Evaluate goodness of fit of the measurement model Examine significance of the χ (p > .10), CFI (> .95), RMSEA (< .06), and SRMR (< .08). Conduct a simultaneous test of the vanishing tetrads implied by the model (Bollen and Ting 2000). Examine significance of the χ (p > .10), CFI (> .95), RMSEA (< .06), and SRMR (< .08). For models including 2+ reflective indicators, conduct a simultaneous test ...

where sxβ is the sample variance of x T 1 β, . . . ,x T nβ, representing variance explained by the model, and R2 is the specified value (0.1 or 0.5). The left side of (A2) is similar to what Tibshirani and Knight (1999) called the “theoretical R2,” and has the interpretation that for responses generated according to (A1), (A2), the coefficient of determination for the true model is approximatel...

Image time series of high temporal and spatial resolution capture land surface dynamics of heterogeneous landscapes. We applied the ESTARFM (Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model) algorithm to multi-spectral images covering two semi-arid heterogeneous rangeland study sites located in South Africa. MODIS 250 m resolution and RapidEye 5 m resolution images were fused to ...