there is a disagreement among scholars over the meaning of abraham’s leadership mentioned in the quran, 2, 124. in this connection, allamatabatabaee presents an innovative opinion and interprets leadership as guidance by the command (al-hidaya bi’l amr) since imam is qualified by guidance by the command as if the qualification is to describe the meaning of leadership (imamat). in allama’s opini...

materials and methods patients were given fixed daily dose of 20 mg carbimazole for 3 months and blood samples were collected at baseline and end of the study. thirty-eight patients were recruited from the endocrine clinic, hospital universiti kebangsaan malaysia, consisting of 26 females and 12 males, age ranging from 16 to 65 years. blood samples collected before and at end of study were anal...

in this study, aluminosilicate mcm-41 has been found to be an efficient catalyst for reaction betweendifferent benzaldehyde derivatives and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione to give open chain analogue of1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene in excellent yields. no evidence for the formation of cyclization products wasobserved. the catalyst can be used several times after recovery.

background :cytotoxic t lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (ctla-4) is an important negative regulator of t-cell responses. the -1722tc polymorphism of the ctla-4 gene may be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) risk, but related results from previous studies have been inconsistent. we carried out a meta-analysis to assess this association more precisely.   methods : a systematic sea...

new blood forming vessels are produced by differentiation of mesodermal precursor cells to angioblasts that become endothelial cells (ecs) which in turn give rise to primitive capillary network. human cord blood (hcb) contains large subsets of mononuclear cells (mncs) that can be differentiated into endothelial-like cells in vitro. human mononuclear progenitor cells were purified from fresh umb...

predominantly antibody deficiencies are a category of primary immunodeficiency diseases, which consist of several rare disorders such as common variable immunodeficiency (cvid) and x-linked agammaglobulinemia (xla). we evaluated the effects of cvid and xla patients’ sera as a source of microenviromental factors on maturation and function of monocyte-derived dcs. blood was collected from 10 cvid...

this research was conducted to study the effects of styrene and methyl methacrylate cell lumen monomers on the mechanical properties and decay resistance of beech wood. mechanical and decay resistance test samples were prepared according to astm d143-94 and din en113 standards and impregnated with five concentration monomer solution 0, 40, 60, 80 and 100 percent using bethell method. treated sa...

objective(s):bacopa monnieri (bm),a traditional ayurvedic medicine,is a well-known memory enhancer. we have explored the role of bm against decabrominated diphenyl ether (pbde-209)-induced alterations in neonate and young female mice. materials and methods: mice were orally administered with b. monnieri at the doses of 40, 80 or 120 mg/kg body weight along with pbde-209 (20 mg/kg body weight) f...

1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride {[cmmim]cl} is utilized as a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes by the condensation reaction of indole with arylaldehydes under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. in summary, the presented method have several advantages including simplicity, low cost, generality, efficiency, clean reaction profi...

a water soluble, bronsted acid, 5-sulfosalicylic acid as an efficient organocatalyst was used for the synthesis of physiologically active 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives from o-phenylenediamine and aromatic aldehydes in ethanol at reflux condition. cost-effectiveness, use of non-hazardous solvents, metal free and commercially available catalyst, single-step, environmentally friendly gre...