To visualize the 3-D subsurface of the earth 3-D migration algorithms are needed which give accurate results within a reasonable computation time. In this Chapter several recursive depth migration algorithms are discussed and compared with each other. The backbone of every recursive depth migration algorithm is a 3-D extrapolation algorithm. In lateral homogeneous media the extrapolation algori...

New gaugings of four dimensional N = 8 supergravity are constructed, including one which has a Minkowski space vacuum that preserves N = 2 supersymme-try and in which the gauge group is broken to SU(3) × U(1) 2. Previous gaugings used the form of the ungauged action which is invariant under a rigid SL(8, R) symmetry and promoted a 28-dimensional subgroup (SO(8), SO(p, 8 − p) or the non-semi-sim...

Face recognition using standard 2D images struggles to cope with changes in illumination and pose. 3D face recognition algorithms have been more successful in dealing with these challenges. 3D face shape data is used as an independent cue for face recognition and has also been combined with texture to facilitate multimodal face recognition. Additionally, 3D face models have been used for pose c...