conclusions this study does not support the use of emla for hsg. results there was no significant difference in the efficacy between emla and placebo creams in pain perception during the entire procedure. there was no significant difference in long term pain perception half an hour after the hsg performance. patients and methods eighty patients undergoing hsg as part of infertility evaluation w...

BACKGROUND Untreated immunization pain causes undue distress and contributes to underimmunization through physician, and possibly parental, resistance to multiple simultaneous injections. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacies of two pain management methods in reducing immediate immunization injection pain and distress in school-aged children. DESIGN A randomized, controlled clinical trial of ...

Epicutaneous application of the anaesthetic cream Emla (lignocaine and prilocaine), to induce percutaneous anaesthesia in 38 patients scheduled for eyelid skin surgery is presented. The cream was applied 60 to 90 minutes before operation. In 36 out of the 38 patients (94.8%) no supplementary analgesia was required. The pain during the procedure was rated either as no pain in 29 patients (76.3%)...

A dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB), ring block (RB), and eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) all control pain effectively during neonatal circumcision (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, systematic review). An RB may provide superior pain relief to DPNB and EMLA (SOR: B, limited-quality evidence). Using a Mogen clamp reduces pain by shortening procedure time (SOR: A, randomized contr...

Previous work indicates that sympathetic nerves participate in the vascular responses to direct cooling of the skin in humans. We evaluated this hypothesis further in a four-part series by measuring changes in cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) from forearm skin locally cooled from 34 to 29 degrees C for 30 min. In part 1, bretylium tosylate reversed the initial vasoconstriction (-14 +/- 6.6%...

BACKGROUND Local anaesthetics affect blood vessels in various ways, depending upon the site of action and the drug used. There is controversy over the vascular effects of two widely used topical local anaesthetic agents, EMLA and Ametop. We used the transient hyperaemic response (THR) to the brief compression of the brachial artery to assess vascular reactivity of forearm skin after application...