The erm(41) gene causes inducible macrolide resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus but not Mycobacterium chelonae. erm(41) sequencing of 285 M. abscessus and 45 M. chelonae isolates was compared to 14-day susceptibility; agreement percentages were 98.9% and 100%, respectively. Extended incubation may not be necessary for M. chelonae, and the erm(41) genotype is a useful adjunct for M. abscessus.

We have identified erm(Y), a novel gene class that was originally designated ermGM, from a Staphylococcus aureus strain that has a plasmid that also harbors msr(A) and mph(C), genes that encode an efflux mechanism and a putative phosphorylase, respectively. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of erm(Y) were 81 and 76% identical to those of erm(T), respectively.

BACKGROUND Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) is the most drug resistant of the mycobacterial pathogens. M. abscessus subsp. abscessus encodes a functional erythromycin ribosomal methylase gene, erm(41), causing inducible macrolide resistance. However, some clinical isolates of M. abscessus subsp. abscessus harboring nonfunctional erm(41) were susceptible to macrolide, even after extended i...

Sir, Macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin antibiotics are chemically distinct inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis. Quinupristin/dalfopristin is a combination of streptogramin B and A compounds (SB/SA) with a synergic activity against most Gram-positive bacteria. Expression of MLS resistance in staphylococci may be constitutive or inducible. When expression is constitutive, the strains...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Increasing resistance to erythromycin has been observed worldwide in group C and group G streptococci (GCS/GGS). The information available from India is scanty. The aim of the study was to identify erythromycin resistant GCS/GGS isolates in Chennai, south India, and to compare erythromycin resistant genotypes with emm types. METHODS One hundred and thirty one GCS/GGS i...

From 1996 to 2001 a total of 467 Staphylococcus hyicus isolates from exudative epidermitis (EE) in pigs in Denmark were examined for susceptibility to 13 different antimicrobial agents. The presence of selected genes encoding macrolide (erm(A), erm(B) and erm(C)), penicillin (blaZ), streptogramin (vat, vga, vga(B), vat(B), vat(D) and vat(E)), streptomycin (aadE) and tetracycline resistance (tet...

compensate for one another, although there is no evidence of true biochemical redundancy. The genomes of lower organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and Danio rerio, harbor single ERM orthologues; in fact, ERMs appeared evolutionarily during the transition to multicellularity and an ERM-like protein is encoded by the genome of the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicoli...

an ERM and CNV on initial examination. However, the results of a fundus examination in our patients did not reveal any clinical signs of CNV before ERM surgery. In addition, 1 patient (case 2) underwent FA 1 month after ERM removal, which showed no hyperfluorescence in the macula. We do not believe FA is necessary before performing ERM removal to rule out preexisting CNV. However, FA is valuabl...

Empirical risk minimization (ERM) is ubiquitous in machine learning and underlies most supervised learning methods. While there has been a large body of work on algorithms for various ERM problems, the exact computational complexity of ERM is still not understood. We address this issue for multiple popular ERM problems including kernel SVMs, kernel ridge regression, and training the final layer...