The detailed organization of somatosensory area 3a was examined in macaque monkeys using multiunit electrophysiological recording techniques. By examining topographic relationships, changes in receptive field size, and the type of stimulus that neurons responded to, functional boundaries of area 3a were determined and related to architectonic boundaries. One striking observation was that the lo...

The 3A non-structural protein of foot-and-mouth disease viruses is a relatively conserved protein comprising 153 amino acids. Recent studies have demonstrated correlation between mutations in the 3A non-structural-protein-coding region, including a 10-amino acid deletion, and attenuation of the viruses in cattle. Although the 3A coding region of several type A, O and C isolates has previously b...

Phthaloylimidoalkyl derivatives (1a, 1b) were treated with isopropylamine to give 3-benzamido-1-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)]propyl-2-isopropyl carboxamide (3a) and 4-benzamido-1-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl-2-isopropyl carboxamide (3b). The compounds were unequivocally characterized by IR, NMR and MS spectra and elemental analysis. Carrageenan-induced rat paw assay was used ...

There are few systematic comparisons of Etymotic ER-3A insert earphones versus supra-aural earphones in auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurement. We compared ER-3A insert earphones and two types of supra-aural earphones (TDH-39P and TDH-49P) in a group of normal hearing adults. Acoustic analyses revealed spectral and temporal differences among earphones. Behavioral and ABR thresholds to cl...

The cervical cellular transcription factors Brn-3a and Brn-3b have antagonistic effects on transcription of the human papilloma virus types 16 and 18 E6 and E7 oncogenes, with Brn-3a activating expression and Brn-3b repressing it. We therefore measured expression of Brn-3a and Brn-3b mRNAs in biopsies from 16 women with no detectable cervical abnormality, and in 14 women with cervical intraepit...

Foot-and-mouth disease virus non-structural protein 3A plays important roles in virus replication, virulence and host-range; nevertheless little is known on the interactions that this protein can establish with different cell components. In this work, we have performed in vivo dynamic studies from cells transiently expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the complete 3A (GFP3A) ...

The molecular mechanisms governing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-induced pathology are not fully understood. Virus infection and some individual viral proteins, including the 3a protein, induce apoptosis. However, the cellular targets leading to 3a protein-mediated apoptosis have not been fully characterized. This study showed that the 3a protein modulates the mitochondrial deat...