Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) is a mechanism that directs elongating ribosomes to shift-reading frame by 1 base in the 5' direction that is utilized by many RNA viruses. Importantly, rates of -1 PRF are fine-tuned by viruses, including Retroviruses, Coronaviruses, Flavivriuses and in two endogenous viruses of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to deliver the correct ratios of ...

Immunity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to Pseudomonas syringae bacteria expressing the effector proteins AvrPto and AvrPtoB requires both Pto kinase and the NBARC-LRR (for nucleotide binding domain shared by Apaf-1, certain R gene products, and CED-4 fused to C-terminal leucine-rich repeats) protein Prf. Pto plays a direct role in effector recognition within the host cytoplasm, but the role ...

Sluijter et al.8 assumed that, because the tissue temperature was kept below the thermal destructive range, thermal tissue injury was avoided. By using mathematical calculations, they further showed that the high-density electrical currents generated at the electrode tip stressed the cellular membranes and biomolecules and caused altered cell function, leading to cell injury. Later investigator...

BACKGROUND Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a leukocyte and platelet concentrate containing many growth factors. Its potential for hard tissue augmentation as a sole grafting material or in combination with other grafting materials has been investigated in many studies. OBJECTIVE The aim of this histologic study was to evaluate the efficacy of PRF mixed with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) on b...

background autologous platelet concentrate has been used to improve the function and regeneration of injured tissues. tendinopathies are common in clinical practice, although long-term treatment is required. on the basis of lead time, we compared the effect of using platelet-rich plasma (prp) and platelet-rich fibrin (prf) in repairing rat achilles tendon. methods the effectiveness of using prp...

(1)H MRS thermometry has been investigated for brain trauma and hypothermia monitoring applications but has not been explored in brain tumours. The proton resonance frequency (PRF) of water is dependent on temperature but is also influenced by microenvironment factors, such as fast proton exchange with macromolecules, ionic concentration and magnetic susceptibility. (1)H MRS has been utilized f...

Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift (-1 PRF) allows for alternative reading frames within one mRNA. First found in several viruses, it is now believed to exist in all kingdoms of life. Strong stimulators for -1 PRF are a heptameric slippery site and an RNA pseudoknot. Here, we present a new algorithm KnotInFrame, for the automatic detection of -1 PRF signals from genomic sequences. It finds the ...

A common method for increasing the usability and uplifting the security of pseudorandom function families (PRFs) is to “hash” the inputs into a smaller domain before applying the PRF. This approach, known as “Levin’s trick”, is used to achieve “PRF domain extension” (using a short, e.g., fixed, input length PRF to get a variable-length PRF), and more recently to transform non-adaptive PRFs to a...

Objective- Due to its specific position, the canine tooth is more exposed to the injuries, fractures and pulp necrosis. In these cases, the damaged teeth are usually pulled out. The root of this tooth is very large and sometimes extends over the premolar teeth. To extract it, a large amount of alveolar bone tissue should be harvested. Moreover, the cavity remains very large, wh...