A common method for characterizing a colored pigment is making a ramp contain several mixtures of the colored and white pigments. Then, by applying the least squares technique using all the samples, absorption and scattering coefficients can be calculated. Making several samples is time consuming. In this approach, the minimum number of samples for characterizing the pigments using single-and t...

Related Articles Conical air prism arrays as an embedded reflector for high efficient InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 061114 (2013) Study on phosphor sedimentation effect in white light-emitting diode packages by modeling multi-layer phosphors with the modified Kubelka-Munk theory J. Appl. Phys. 113, 063108 (2013) Identifying the efficient inter-conversion between singlet...

The determination of the band gap energy (Eg) semiconductors powder materials can be performed from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) measurements. For this purpose, classical theory proposed by Kubelka and Munk (K-M) so-called plot Tauc, both discussed here, have been largely employed. We investigate Eg values anatase TiO2 particles synthesized precipitation titanyl sulphate in presence 5...

In recent years, optogenetics has become a central tool in neuroscience research. Estimating the transmission of visible light through brain tissue is of crucial importance for controlling the activation levels of neurons in different depths, designing optical systems, and avoiding lesions from excessive power density. The Kubelka-Munk model and Monte Carlo simulations have previously been used...

For example, if Coating A has a contrast ratio of 0.920 and Coating B has a contrast ratio of 0.900, about all that can be said is Coating A has higher opacity than Coating B. We can say it is 0.020 higher, but it is not clear how to use this number to formulate Coating B to have equal hiding. Also, this is not helpful in deciding what to change in order to improve opacity. Fortunately, quantit...

The reflectance model developed by Kubelka and Munk was evaluated for agreement in color prediction of thick pigmented samples and for linearity of optical absorption and scattering coefficients with concentration of colorant in maxillofacial elastomer. The colorants tested were generic opacifiers, dry mineral earth pigments, and fibrous colorants. Significant linear relationships were commonly...

The analysis of skin color with makeup is needed to examine the effect of makeup to human skin. Foundation is cosmetics to cover undesirable color on skin and gives basic color to skin. It is important evaluate a change of skin color by the foundation. The present paper modeled the optics of skin with foundation makeup by two layers. Then, the surface spectrum of skin with foundation makeup is ...

A laccase-mediated system for denim overdyeing using phenolic compounds was developed. Laccase from ascomycete Myceliophthora thermophila was able to oxidize phenolic compounds such as catechol and catechin and mediate their attachment to denim surfaces. Laccase-generated polymers gave rise to new coloration states from dark brown to green-yellow and replaced dyes in the overdyeing process. Pro...