BACKGROUND Little is known about prescribing appropriateness for community-dwelling people with dementia (PWD). OBJECTIVE To estimate potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) prevalence among PWD in primary care in Northern Ireland, and to investigate associations between PIP, polypharmacy, age, and gender. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, using data from the ...

این پژوهش با الهام گرفتن از نتایج یک طرح مطالعاتی کاربردی، رویکرد سلسله­‌مراتبی جهت پیگیری فرایند توسعه تأمین‌کنندگان و حمایت تصمیمات موجود در هر مراحل آن ارائه‌ می‌کند. ابتدا، زمینه‌های تأمین نیازمند سپس واجد شرایط هریک زمینه‌ها به کمک تصمیم‌گیری چندشاخصه بهترین-بدترین مشخص می‌گردند. معیارهای شناسایی نیز مرور مطالعات پیشین بهره‌گیری نظرات خبرگان حوزه‌ی خرید استخراج‌شده‌اند. درنهایت، مدل ریاضی ...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, but there are few treatments currently available. The autophagy pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD; modulating this pathway is considered to be a promising treatment strategy. Piperine (PIP) is a Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present study investigated the...

After opening in response to mechanical stimuli, hair cell transduction channels adapt with fast and slow mechanisms that each depend on Ca(2+). We demonstrate here that transduction and adaptation require phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) for normal kinetics. PIP(2) has a striking distribution in hair cells, being excluded from the basal region of hair bundles and apical surfaces ...

The epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) is an end-effector of diverse cellular signaling cascades, including those with phosphatidylinositide second messengers. Recent evidence also suggests that in some instances, phospatidylinositides can directly interact with ENaC to increase channel activity by increasing channel open probability and/or membrane localization. We review here findings relevant t...

A phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PIP) kinase activity was purified from rat brain extract through several chromatographic steps to yield an active preparation (specific activity 1 mumol of 32P incorporated into phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate/min per mg of protein) with an apparent molecular size of 100-110 kDa in the native form. The isolated PIP kinase required Mg2+ (optimally 20-30 ...

Both a murine monoclonal antibody to phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) and a human monoclonal antibody (4E10) that is known to have broadly neutralizing capabilities against primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) bound to PIP, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Each of the antibodies had antigen subsite binding specificities in aqueous medium for sma...

Many eukaryotic channels, transporters and receptors are activated by phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate (PIP(2)) in the membrane, and every member of the eukaryotic inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channel family requires membrane PIP(2) for activity. In contrast, a bacterial homolog (KirBac1.1) is specifically inhibited by PIP(2). We speculate that a key evolutionary adaptation in eukaryotic ...

In this work, based on the DFT/TDDFT methods, we theoretically studied isomerides (2-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PIP) and 2-(phenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (PIP-c)) about their excited state behavior in methanol solvents. Via comparing potential energy barriers, we deem that the single emission for these two systems should be attributed to the normal fluorescence mentioned in previous experime...

This is how we successfully treat chronic boutonnieres 1) serial cast them until full or near full extension of the PIP joint is obtained and the DIP joint is able to flex as much as the DIP joint of the same finger on the other hand. The lateral bands are still volar to the axis of the PIP joint if the DIP is still hyperextending. 2) start an 8 week full time (24/7) PIP extension splint. In th...