Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory, CD4+ Th1-mediated autoimmune disease, which serves as a model for multiple sclerosis. We examined the effect of a novel anti-inflammatory drug, lisofylline (LSF), on EAE induced either by injection of mouse spinal cord homogenate or following transfer of myelin basic protein-reactive T cells. Orally administered LSF significantly...

The affective prediction hypothesis assumes that visual expectation allows fast and accurate processing of emotional stimuli. The prediction corresponds to what an object is likely to be. It therefore facilitates its identification by setting aside what the object is unlikely to be. It has then been suggested that prediction might be inevitably associated with the inhibition of irrelevant possi...

This paper presents an error shaping technique for line spectrum frequency (LSF) vector quantization. The error shaping technique based on the weighted logarithm spectral distortion (WLSD) measure can be used for shaping the spectral distortion distribution ofquantization error into anydifferent curve depending on what kind of weighting function is used. However, the high computational complexi...

Patients with schizophrenia exhibit cognitive and sensory impairment, and object recognition deficits have been linked to sensory deficits. The "frame and fill" model of object recognition posits that low spatial frequency (LSF) information rapidly reaches the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and creates a general shape of an object that feeds back to the ventral temporal cortex to assist object recogni...

At present, liquid starter fertilizer (LSF) application technologies experience problems with low utilization efficiency. In this study, we adopted a method of precise LSF near the seeds on seed bed in point form during sowing. A system that can detect information real time and control solenoid valve to open automatically was developed for method. The supply detection were studied detail. Field...

In this paper, the line spectral-pair frequency (LSF) representation is used as the parametric representation for speech recognition. Its performance is compared with that of the cepstral cc-efficient (CC) representation for the speaker-dependent and speaker-independent hidden Markov model (HMM) based isolated word recognition systems. It is shown that the CC and the LSF representations result ...

In this paper, we present a restricted temporal decomposition method for LSF parameters. The event vectors estimated by this method preserve the ordering property of LSF parameters so that they can be quantized efficiently. Experimental results show that interpolated LSF parameters can be quantized transparently at the rate of 753 bps. We also design a LPC vocoder at 996 bps as an application o...

Itaconic acid (IA) is a dicarboxylic acid included in the US Department of Energy's (DOE) 2004 list of the most promising chemical platforms derived from sugars. IA is produced industrially using liquid-state fermentation (LSF) by Aspergillus terreus with glucose as the carbon source. To utilize IA production in renewable resource-based biorefinery, the present study investigated the use of lig...

The ability to process facial expressions can be modified by altering the spatial frequency of the stimuli, an effect that has been attributed to differential properties of visual pathways that convey different types of information to distinct brain regions at different speeds. While this effect suggests a potential influence of spatial frequency on the processing speed of facial emotion, this ...