BACKGROUND Acute mental stress may contribute to the cardiovascular disease progression via autonomic nervous system controlled negative effects on the endothelium. The joint effects of stress-induced sympathetic or parasympathetic activity and endothelial function on atherosclerosis development have not been investigated. The present study aims to examine the interactive effect of acute mental...

To characterize brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in children, we monitored arterial diameter changes with ultrasound between 40 and 180 s after a 4.5-min forearm cuff occlusion-induced hyperemia in 105 healthy children (mean age, 11 yr; range, 9-16 yr). The peak FMD was 7.7 +/- 4.0% and occurred 79 +/- 33 s after cuff release. FMD at 60 s (5.3 +/- 4.0%) was significantly lower tha...

Smoking has a significant impact on patients with FMD. Diagnosis of FMD may have been delayed in patients who had ever smoked, because symptoms could have been attributed to smoking-related disease. Smokers with FMD had significantly higher rates of claudication, aneurysm, and need for therapeutic intervention. Of note, therapeutic interventions for non-FMD indications were excluded from analys...

Background—The relationship between impaired brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and subsequent clinical cardiovascular events is not well established, especially in older adults whose FMD is often diminished. We assessed the hypothesis that FMD predicts incident cardiovascular events in a population-based cohort of older adults. Methods and Results—FMD was measured at the 1997 to 1998 Cardio...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease of cloven-footed animals. It is endemic in Pakistan with huge economic losses. The aim of the study was to estimate the sero-prevalence of FMD in small ruminants (sheep and goats) kept in proximity to large ruminants with a recent history of FMD outbreak. The study was conducted in seven purposively selected districts of Pakistan. A tot...

A case-control study was conducted to identify herd-level risk factors associated with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Ecuador. Case herds were those with presence of cattle with clinical signs of FMD and that tested positive for FMD virus during the epidemic of 2002 (n = 39). Control farms (n = 78) were selected randomly from a list of farms without a history of FMD. All study farms were visit...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most devastating diseases of livestock (1). The disease is caused by infection with a picornavirus, generically referred as FMD virus (FMDV), which is considered one of the most infectious agents affecting animals (2). FMD status affects national and international movement and trade of animals and animal products, and food animal trade is expected to p...

Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is a clinical syndrome in animals due to FMD virus that exists in seven serotypes, whereby recovery from one sero-type does not confer immunity against the other six. So when considering intervention strategies in endemic settings, it is important to take account of the characteristics of the different serotypes in different ecological systems. FMD serotypes are not...

Studies have demonstrated that the acute administration of 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors has protective effects in the setting of ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Previously, we demonstrated that a single dose of rosuvastatin prevented IR-induced endothelial dysfunction in humans through a cyclooxygenase-2-dependent mechanism. Whether the chronic administration ...

Inhibition of a sympathetic stimulus (i.e., sympatholysis) during forearm exercise is reduced with age in women. This age-related alteration has not been characterized in the lower extremity vasculature of women, and the potential for blunting of the conduit artery dilatory response to a sudden increase in shear stress [flow-mediated dilation (FMD)] has not been examined in older adults of eith...