The biological actions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are mediated by 2 distinct receptors, TNF-RI (p55) and TNF-RII (p75). The extracellular domains of both receptors are shed in soluble form (sTNF-RI and sTNF-RII). The soluble receptors are involved in regulating TNF-alpha activities and may have therapeutic potential as TNF-neutralizing agents. However, it remains unclear as to w...

PURPOSE To measure the refractive index (RI) of the mammalian corneal stroma in relation to hydration in vitro and human corneal stroma before and after LASIK. METHODS RI at the anterior stromal surface of bovine corneal buttons was measured after the epithelium was scraped away. Samples were weighed and oven dried to calculate hydration. RI of the stromal bed surface was measured with a modi...

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Select members of the bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) superfamily are potent cytotoxins. These cytotoxic ribonucleases enter the cytosol, where they degrade cellular RNA and cause cell death. Ribonuclease inhibitor (RI), a cytosolic protein, binds to members of the RNase A superfamily with inhibition constants that span 10 orders of magnitude. Here, we show that the affinity of a rib...

PURPOSE To determine the role of duplex Doppler ultrasonography (DDU) in patients with acute unilateral renal obstruction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 161 patients with suspected renal colic due to urolithiasis were evaluated by DDU followed by intravenous urography (IVU). The mean intra-arterial resistive index (RI) and the difference of mean resistive index between both kidneys (delta R...

Patients requiring liver transplantation (LT) frequently experience renal insufficiency (RI), which affects their survival. Although calcineurin inhibitor-sparing immunosuppressive regimens (CSRs) are well known to prevent RI, the immune state in recipients receiving CSR remains to be intensively investigated. Among 60 cases of living-donor LT at our institute, 68% of the patients had none to m...

Research in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) generally utilizes clinical samples or children with comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. Findings indicated that children with ADHD experience academic underachievement and poor performance on measures of response inhibition (RI). Less is known, about the neuropsychological profile of typically developing children with ADHD. The aim of the...