Single payer refers to a way of financing health care, which includes both the collection of money for health care and reimbursement of providers for health care costs. In a single payer system, both the collection of funds and the reimbursement are the responsibility of one entity: the government. The government collects funds from individuals and businesses, mainly in the form of taxes, and t...

Context: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are becoming increasingly popular yet their effects on health remain unknown. Objective: To conduct the first comprehensive and standardized assessment of the acute impact of active and passive e-cigarette smoking on serum cotinine and lung function, as compared to active and passive tobacco cigarette smoking. Materials and methods: Fifteen smokers ...

The AGM framework of belief dynamics fails to account for iterated belief change. This paper extends the AGM framework in order to solve this problem. As in the AGM, an epistemic input is represented as a single sentence. Unlike the AGM, however , a belief state is represented as an epistemic entrenchment relation. Three state transition functions { namely, entrenchment expansion, entrenchment ...

I propose a tree-rewriting grammar formalism, TAGLET, defined by the usual complementation operation and the simplest imaginable modification operation. TAGLET is context free and permits lexicalization of treebank parses (though TAGLET is only weakly equivalent in generative power to general CFGs), as well as straightforward exploration of rich hierarchical syntactic structures and detailed fe...

One of the penalties for refusing to participate in politics is that you end up being governed by your inferiors. –Plato (427 BC-347 BC) Today's world faces problems that are complex and complicated. The field of medicine is showing rapid progress with new discoveries, policies and paradigms [1–4] and seeing new challenges which require new and rapid responses. Consequently, medicine and health...

State Machine (ASM), 101 concurrencyin ASM, 103 event-drivenASM, 110 ground modelin ASM, 101 non-determinismin ASM, 105 parallelismin ASM, 106 sequentialisationin ASM, 115 validationof ASMs, 110verificationof ASMs, 110

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is an intergovernmental consultative and technical organization established in 1921 to support the safety of navigational, and to contribute to the protection of the marine environment. One of its primary roles is to establish and maintain appropriate standards to assist in the proper and efficient use of hydrographic data and information. (Ward...