We have recently shown that the C-type lectin-like receptor, CLEC-2, is expressed on platelets and that it mediates powerful platelet aggregation by the snake venom toxin rhodocytin. In addition, we have provided indirect evidence for an endogenous ligand for CLEC-2 in renal cells expressing HIV-1. This putative ligand facilitates transmission of HIV through its incorporation into the viral env...

Transient transfection of human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) enables the rapid and affordable lab-scale production of recombinant proteins. In this chapter protocols for the expression and purification of both secreted and intracellular proteins using transient expression in HEK 293 cells are described.

UNLABELLED We aimed to determine whether the multidrug-resistance-proteins MRP4 (ABCC4) and MRP5 (ABCC5) confer resistance to the antimetabolites cytarabine (Ara-C), gemcitabine (GEM), and the L-nucleoside analog troxacitabine. For this purpose we used HEK293 and the transfected HEK/MRP4 (59-fold increased MRP4) or HEK/MRP5i (991-fold increased MRP5) as model systems and tested the cells for dr...

BACKGROUND Although hospice emergency kits (HEKs) are provided by many home hospice agencies, little is known about their use, side effects, and perceived impact. OBJECTIVE To evaluate HEK medication utilization, side effects, and impact as perceived by home hospice patients and their caregivers. METHODS We conducted a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Participants included 43 veterans...

background:envenomation by macrovipera lebetina (m. lebetina) is characterized by prominent local tissue damage, hemorrhage, abnormalities in the blood coagulation system, necrosis, and edema. however, the main cause of death after a bite by m. lebetina has been attributed to acute renal failure (arf). it is unclear whether the venom components have a direct or indirect action in causing arf. t...

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is activated by noxious cold, mechanical stimulation, and irritant chemicals. In our recent study, 9, 10-phenanthrenequinone (9,10-PQ) is the most potent irritant for activation of NRF2 among 1395 cigarette smoke components and it may be, therefore, important to find its additional targets. Here, we show that 9,10-PQ functions as an activator of TR...

Backgrounds and aims: Recently, herbal extracts attracted attention in various medical fields, including treatment of problematic wounds and dermatology. Based on these lines, this study was planned to investigate the antibacterial, antioxidant and epidermal keratinocyte growth stimulation of herbal extracts in the HEK cell lines. Methods: MTT viability test and BrdU Cell Proliferation Assay we...