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Nine anostracan biogeographical regions are defined for North America: Appalachia/Ozark, Southwest Arid, Great Plains, Coastal Plain, Neotropical, California, Cold Deserts, Beringia/Canadian Shield, and Transmontane. These regions are quantitatively defined using species distributions compared through Jaccard's Coefficient of Community Similarity, and qualitatively defined using climate data, f...

Dividing the world into nine regions, this first paper describes literature records of the limno-terrestrial tardigrades (Tardigrada) reported from Central America. Updating previously published species lists we have revised the taxonomy and provided additional habitat, geographic co-ordinates, and biogeographic comments. It is hoped this work will serve as a reference point and background for ...

A specimen of Holohalaelurus shark (Scyliorhinidae; Chondrichthyes) recently collected off southern Mozambique, represents a southward range extension of 2200km for the recently described, H. grennian Human 2006. This specimen presents not only a significant extension of its known distribution, but is also only the second female specimen known for this species. Moreover, the specimen exhibits m...

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in higher animals is rapidly becoming a well characterized genetic system at the molecular level. In this paper, I shift the focus to consider questions in organismal evolution that can be addressed by mtDNA assay. For the first time, it is possible to estimate empirically matriarchal phylogeny; to determine directionality in crosses producing hybrids; and to study the...