The reproductive strategy of two congeneric species (Astyanax janeiroensis--AJ and Astyanax hastatus--AH) was assessed, in order to address the costs imposed by different investment patterns, on four major life history characters: migratory behaviour, breeding time, fecundity and egg size. Altitudinal segregation of young and adult individuals plus data from the literature indicated that AJ is ...

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSDIa) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the enzyme D-glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). While numerous mutations have been found in cosmopolitan European populations, Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) patients appear to primarily carry the R83C mutation, but possibly also the Q347X mutation found generally in Caucasians. To determine the freque...

Endothelial adherens junctions (AJ) promote intercellular adhesion and may contribute to the control of vascular permeability. These structures are formed by a transmembrane and cell-specific adhesive protein, vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, which is linked by its cytoplasmic tail to intracellular proteins called catenins (alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and plakoglobin) and to the actin cytos...

∣ p . Hardy’s inequality thus asserts that the Cesáro matrix operator C = (cj,k), given by cj,k = 1/j, k ≤ j and 0 otherwise, is bounded on lp and has norm ≤ p/(p − 1). (The norm is in fact p/(p − 1).) Hardy’s inequality leads naturally to the study on lp norms of general matrices. For example, we say a matrix A = (aj,k) is a weighted mean matrix if its entries satisfy aj,k = 0, k > j and aj,k ...

The AJ conjecture relates the A-polynomial and the colored Jones polynomial of a knot in the 3-sphere. It has been verified for some classes of knots, including all torus knots, most double twist knots, (−2, 3, 6n ± 1)-pretzel knots, and most cabled knots over torus knots. In this paper we study the AJ conjecture for (r, 2)-cables of a knot, where r is an odd integer. In particular, we show tha...

Apart from IDF, term frequencies are also important and we would like to incorporate them into our scoring function. From now on, we will treat Aj as a random variable that denotes the number of occurrences of term j in a document. So, what should P (Aj = a) and P (Aj = a|Rq = y) be? In other words, how do we model the distributions of these random variables? Here we have two options: continuou...