In mammals, the three classical ras genes encode four highly homologous proteins, N-Ras, H-Ras, and the isoforms K-Ras 4A and 4B. Previous studies have shown that K-ras is essential for mouse development and that while K-ras 4A and 4B are expressed during development, K-ras 4A expression is regulated temporally and spatially and occurs in adult kidney, intestine, stomach, and liver. In the pres...

Ferric chloride induced dehydrodimerization of l,2 ,3 ,4 -te trah yd ro-9 //-carb azole (1) gives pro­ duct 6 , the structure of which was established on the basis of its spectroscopic properties. The *H and 13C chemical shifts of the arom atic part of 1 , as well as of 4a-m eth yl-2 ,3 ,4 ,4a-tetrah yd ro-l Hcarbazole (7 a ) and 4a-ph enyl-2 ,3 ,4 ,4a-tetrahyd ro-l//-carb azole (7b ) have also...

In this study, [2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethoxy] group substituted zinc(ii), manganese(iii) and copper(ii) phthalocyanines 2-4 and their water soluble derivatives 2a, 3a and 4a were synthesized and the interactions of compounds 2a, 3a and 4a with CT-DNA and supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA were investigated. The results of binding experiments showed that these compounds were able to interact wit...

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF-4A is a member of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases and RNA-dependent ATPases. In tobacco, eIF-4A is encoded by a gene family with one isoform, eIF-4A8, being exclusively expressed in pollen. This pollen-specific isoform is a candidate for mediating translational control in the developing gametophyte. Here we show that eIF-4A is barely phosphoryla...

The lack of robust small animal models has been an obstacle to the screening of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitors in vivo. Here, we described a reporter assay system for in vivo noninvasive imaging of NS3/4A serine protease activity using split firefly luciferase complementation strategy. The reporter construct ANluc(NS5A/B)BCluc constitutes the split N- and C-terminal fragment...

Reaction of methyl undec-10-enoate 2 with cyclopentanone 1a affords two products, methyl 2-(2′-cyclopentanonyl)undec-10-enoate 3a and methyl 11-(2′-cyclopentanonyl)undecanoate 4a. Similarly, the reaction of cyclohexanone 1b gives two products 3b and 4b. Compounds 4a and 4b on further reaction with mercaptoacetic acid and ammonium carbonate yield the products 5a and 5b, respectively. Products ha...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often causes long-term persistent hepatitis, which eventually leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV-encoded NS3/4A protease plays an important role in HCV immune evasion by cleaving key adapter proteins VISA and TRIF of the RIG-I-like receptors and Toll-like receptors mediated interferon (IFN) induction pathways. To further understand the r...

BACKGROUND HCV has become a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and is a major health concern worldwide. To date, there is no vaccine available in the market to tackle this disease, therefore there is a strong need to develop antiviral compounds that can target all genotypes of HCV with the same efficiency. Medicinal plants have low cost and are less toxic therefore, e...