This is the first report of sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (SPL) protein expression and enzymatic activity in human neoplasm. This enzyme drives irreversible degradation of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid associatedwith resistance to therapeutics in various cancers, including prostate adenocarcinoma. In fresh human prostatectomy specimens, a remarkable decrease in SPL enzymatic ...

Measures of the sound pressure level (SPL) near the eardrum were determined at discrete frequencies between 500 and 4000 Hz on 50 ears using TDH-39P and ER-3A earphones with the attenuator of an audiometer fixed at 90 dB HL. Results revealed significant differences in the measured SPL between the two earphones at all test frequencies. Results also revealed large intersubject differences in the ...

In this paper, synthetic jet actuators (SJAs) with three different orifice shapes (circular, square, and slot) the same cross-section area were investigated. The SJA efficiency (SJ) Reynolds number calculated based on time-mean reaction force measurement. momentum velocity was measured hot-wire anemometry additionally, sound pressure level (SPL) measured. equal maximally to 5.3% for each shape,...

Software Product Line (SPL) is a software engineering paradigm that is inspired by the concept of reusability of common features, formulated for different software products. Complete testing of all software products in SPL is known to be unfeasible. This is due to the very large number of possible products that can be produced or configured using a combination of features in the SPL. Pairwise T...

Thermodynamics problems for the single-phase-lagging (SPL) model have not been much studied. In this paper, the violation of the second law of thermodynamics by the SPL model is studied from two perspectives, which are the negative entropy production rate and breaking equilibrium spontaneously. The methods for the SPL model to avoid the negative entropy production rate are proposed, which are e...

Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SPL), a key enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism, catalyzes the irreversible degradation of sphingoid base phosphates. Its main substrate sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) acts both extracellularly, by binding G protein-coupled receptors of the lysophospholipid receptor family, and inside the cell, as a second messenger. There, S1P takes part in regulating various cellul...

OBJECTIVES This study was designed to assess the impact of 2 years of operatic training on acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics of the singing voice. STUDY DESIGN This is a longitudinal study. METHODS Participants were 21 graduate students and 16 undergraduate students. They completed a variety of tasks, including laryngeal videostroboscopy, audio recording of pitch range, and singing o...

Existing economic models support the estimation of the costs and benefits of developing and evolving a Software Product Line (SPL) as compared to undertaking traditional software development approaches. In addition, Feature Diagrams (FDs) are a valuable tool to scope the domain of a SPL. This paper proposes an algorithm to calculate, from a FD, the following information for economic models: the...

Growing evidence supports a link between inflammation and cancer; however, mediators of the transition between inflammation and carcinogenesis remain incompletely understood. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase (SPL) irreversibly degrades the bioactive sphingolipid S1P and is highly expressed in enterocytes but downregulated in colon cancer. Here, we investigated the role of SPL in colitis-asso...