AIMS Probiotic milk-based formulations were spray-dried with various combinations of prebiotic substances in an effort to generate synbiotic powder products. METHODS AND RESULTS To examine the effect of growth phase and inclusion of a prebiotic substance in the feed media on probiotic viability during spray-drying, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was spray-dried in lag, early log and stationary ph...

The extraction of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) bone gelatin was optimized by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) involving 4-factors, 5-levels Central Composite Design (CCD). The optimum conditions for extraction were produced by a pre-treatment of 3.35% HCl for 14.5 h along with hot water extraction at 67.23°C for 5.2 h. Results showed that the predicted yield by RSM (61.81%) was closely ...

Let RsM denote the Singer construction on an unstable module M over the Steenrod algebra A at the prime two; RsM is canonically a subobject of Ps⊗M , where Ps = F2[x1, . . . , xs] with generators of degree one. Passage to A -indecomposables gives the natural transformation RsM → F2⊗A (Ps⊗M), which identifies with the dual of the composition of the Singer transfer and the Lannes-Zarati homomorph...

Abstract: Robust design (RD), implemented in statistical and mathematical procedures to simultaneously minimise the process bias and variability, is widely used in many areas of engineering and technology to represent complex real-world industrial settings. For RD modelling and optimisation, response surface methodology (RSM) is often utilised as an estimation method to represent the functional...

Recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM), defined as ≥2 clinically detectable pregnancy losses before 20 weeks of gestation with the same partner. Many studies have been suggested abnormal natural killer (NK) cell activity can be a high chance division linked with RSM. Aberrant expression of angiogenic cytokines during implantation window in women with RSA is one of the key factors that adversel...

Semantics shows diversity in real world, document world, mental abstraction world and machine world. Transformation between semantics pursues the uniformity in the diversity. The Resource Space Model (RSM) is a semantic data model for organizing resources based on the classification semantics that human often use in understanding the real world. The design of a resource space relies on knowledg...

The first detailed examination of flow injection-capillary electrophoresis (FI-CE) active parameters and their interactions via response surface methodology (RSM) is presented. Specifically, RSM in the form of a Box-Behnken design was implemented to effectively predict the significance of capillary length, voltage and injection volume on the optimization of an in-house built FI-CE analyzer. Ini...

Rat liver and horse kidney metallothioneins react with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Nbs2) to release 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoate and metal ions. The reactions are slow and exhibit biphasic kinetics with each process having an empirical rate law of the form: rate - k[RSM] X [Nbs2] + k'[RSM], where RSM represents mental-bound thiolate groups. The pseudo-first-order rates are insensitive to pH...

The goal of one-class classification is to distinguish the target class from all the other classes using only training data from the target class. Because it is difficult for a single one-class classifier to capture all the characteristics of the target class, combining several one-class classifiers may be required. Previous research has shown that the Random Subspace Method (RSM), in which cla...

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to enhance the biomass and lipid content in Nannochloropsis salina due to its economic importance. Preliminary screening results revealed that the heterotrophically cultivated N. salina with various carbon and nitrogen sources yielded higher biomass (0.91 ± 0.0035 g/L) and lipid content (37.1 ± 0.49 mg/L) than that of the photoautotrophical cultivatio...