Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society Vol. 26, No. 6, December 2006, 485-496 DOI: 10.1177/0270467606295402 Copyright © 2006 Sage Publications Public “upstream engagement” and other approaches to the social control of technology are currently receiving international attention in policy discourses around emerging technologies such as nanotechnology. To the extent that such approaches hold imp...

The existence of Nepal's holy river, Bagmati, which flows through the core Kathmandu Valley has been menaced by many anthropogenic threats. It is necessary to identify how vulnerable it been. This research focuses on evaluation disturbance zonation analyze Bagmati River System’s spatial biological health. Benthic macroinvertebrates (BMIs) were used as indicators and sampled from upstream downst...

Abstract Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in pregnant women contribute about 25% of all and are among the most frequent clinical bacterial infections. Pregnancy changes that include anatomical, physiological hormonal make them susceptible to develop UTI. Left untreated, UTI pregnancy is associated with grave complications mother fetus. These can be decreased by prompt proper diagnosis...

in this paper, we introduce the new notion of n-f-clean rings as a generalization of f-clean rings. next, we investigate some properties of such rings. we prove that mn(r) is n-f-clean for any n-f-clean ring r. we also, get a condition under which the de nitions of n-cleanness and n-f-cleanness are equivalent.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A new noninvasive bladder stimulation technique has been described to obtain clean-catch urine (CCU) in infants aged <30 days. Objectives were (1) to determine proportion and predictive factors for successful CCU collections using a stimulation maneuver technique among infants <6 months and (2) to determine the proportion of bacterial contamination with this method. ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether pressing a dipstick into a pad within 2 hours of urine saturation detected pyuria as effectively as immersing a dipstick in a urine specimen. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values indicated that results of the pad method were as effective as those of direct dipstick into clean-catch urine in detecting pyuria. In ...

Urine cultures represent one of the most commonly submitted specimens to a microbiology laboratory. In an attempt to manage effectively this type of specimen, Bac-T-Screen (BTS), nitrate and leukoestrase test were performed on all clean catch urine specimens sent for culture. Three hundred and four specimens were screened by these methods. The BTS, by itself, had the highest sensitivity, and sp...