The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new extracapsular surgical technique for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in small breed dogs. Nine small breed dogs (seven females and two males) weighing ≤ 15 kg were treated with biceps femoris muscle transposition (BFT). The duration of the BFT procedure was 20 min. Each patient underwent a standard clinical protocol and a questi...

We determined whether plant diversity and sequence of plant ingestion affected foraging when cattle chose from plants that varied in concentrations of alkaloids, tannins and saponins. We hypothesized cattle that ate high-alkaloid grasses (endophyte-infected tall fescue (TF) or reed canarygrass (RCG)) would prefer forages high in tannins (birdsfoot trefoil, BFT+) or saponins (alfalfa, ALF+), bec...

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Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are very effective for many pattern recognition tasks. However, training deep CNNs needs extensive computation and large training data. In this paper we propose Bank of Filter-Trees (BFT) as a transfer learning mechanism for improving efficiency of learning CNNs. A filter-tree corresponding to a filter in k convolutional layer of a CNN is a subnetwork consis...

A total of 874 fecal specimens (446 diarrheal cases and 428 controls) from diarrheal children admitted in the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kolkata and age and sex matched asymptomatic subjects from an urban community were assessed for the prevalence of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF). Isolates of B. fragilis were tested for the presence of enterotoxin gene (bft) by PCR. The detecti...

Enterotoxigenic (ETBF) strains of Bacteroides fragilis are the subset of strains that secrete a toxin called fragilysin (Bft). Although ETBF strains are known to cause diarrheal disease and have recently been associated with colorectal cancer, they have not been well characterized. By sequencing the complete genome of four ETBF strains, we found that these strains exhibit considerable variation...

Byzantine fault tolerant state machine replication (BFT-SMR) is a foundation for implementations of highly reliable services. Existing algorithms for BFT-SMR require at least 3f +1 active replicas to tolerate f faulty replicas. We show that BFT-SMR can be achieved with fewer than 3f +1 active replicas, as long as standby spare replicas are available, such that the number of active replicas plus...

Byzantine fault tolerant (BFT) replication is commonly associated with the overhead of 3f +1 replicas to handle f faults. We believe this large resource demand is one of the key reasons why BFT replication is not commonly applied. We present Spare, an approach that harnesses virtualization support as typically found in cloud-computing environments to reduce the resource demand of BFT replicatio...

Data mining is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science. The web services business activity developed by the OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards) groups. The framework developed had an initiator, a coordinator, and more than one participant. But with increased number of participants and unlimited number of clients and servers the problem of fault...

The Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus algorithms have been widely applied in the blockchain systems because of their fault tolerance capability to determine system consistency presence malicious nodes. However, BFT are confronted with low efficiency and scalability problems caused by multiple rounds handshake communication. In this paper, a pipeline-based Fast Pipeline Tolerance algorith...