The NS1 protein from avian influenza A viruses contains a PDZ binding motif (PBM) at its carboxyl terminus with the consensus sequence ESEV. The ESEV PBM confers binding to several cellular PDZ proteins, including Dlg1, MAGI-1 and Scribble. The interaction between NS1 and Scribble protects infected cells from apoptosis, while the interaction between NS1 and both Dlg1 and Scribble disrupts tight...

At present, inhaled glucocorticoids are widely accepted as the therapy of choice in chronic asthma. Treatment with inhaled glucocorticoids significantly suppresses local airway inflammation in asthmatics, but may also have systemic effects, e.g. a reduction of the number of circulating hypodense eosinophils or a down-modulation of HLA-DR antigen (Ag) expression by T lymphocytes in peripheral bl...

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) readjust their volumes after swelling in hypotonic media. This regulatory volume decrease (RVD) is associated with a loss of cellular K+ and is thought to be promoted by an increased permeability to this ion. In contrast, no change in volume was observed when K+ permeability of PBM in isotonic media was increased to comparable or higher levels using vali...

The effects of lipid-rich bovine serum albumin (LR-BSA) on the development of porcine blastocysts produced in vitro were examined. Addition of 0.5 to 5 mg/ml LR-BSA to porcine blastocyst medium (PBM) from Day 5 (Day 0 = in vitro fertilization) significantly increased the hatching rates of blastocysts on Day 7 and the total cell numbers in Day-7 blastocysts. When Day-5 blastocysts were cultured ...

The peribacteroid membrane (PBM) surrounding nitrogen fixing rhizobia in the nodules of legumes is crucial for the exchange of ammonium and nutrients between the bacteria and the host cell. Digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), a galactolipid abundant in chloroplasts, was detected in the PBM of soybean (Glycine max) and Lotus japonicus. Analyses of membrane marker proteins and of fatty acid compos...

The role of macrophages in the erythrocyte membrane oxidative damage and the pathogenesis of anemia in Babesia gibsoni-infected dogs with low parasitemia were investigated. Macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) from B. gibsoni-infected dogs produced significantly higher chemiluminescent responses, indicating the release of reactive oxygen intermediates, than those from non-i...

The objective was to compare intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with 3D conformal proton therapy (3DCPT) in the treatment of cervical cancer. In particular, each technique's ability to spare pelvic bone marrow (PBM) was of primary interest in this study. A total of six cervical cancer patients (3 postoperative and 3 intact) were planned and analyzed. All plans had uniform 1.0 cm CTV-P...

BACKGROUND The authors conducted this prospective study to analyze the amount of interfractional prostate bed motion (PBM) and quantify its components with the use of an endorectal balloon (ERB). METHODS A total of 1,348 cone beam computed tomography images from 46 patients who underwent postprostatectomy radiotherapy were analyzed. For the pilot image, electronic portal imaging, guided by sk...

OBJECTIVE To document the difference between what pharmacy benefits management companies (PBMs) charge employers and what they pay dispensing pharmacies for the drug ingredient portion of prescription transactions (the "spre DESIGN Descriptive, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Two large employer groups, each of which used a different PBM, and six independent community pharmacies particip...

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of biliary atresia (BA) is still unknown. There are several reports on the etiology of BA, including pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM). We experienced a case of Kasai type IIIa BA with PBM, in which we found elevation of pancreatic enzymes in the gallbladder. We evaluated whether PBM is related to the pathogenesis of BA based on our findings. CASE PRESENTATION T...