BACKGROUND The Arnolfini portrait painted by Jan van Eyck in 1434 remains one of the most puzzling yet alluring paintings of prerenaissance western art. PURPOSE The painting is renowned for its exactitude in brush strokes, textures and the distinctive morphology of the main character Arnolfini. The nature of these requires pathological consideration. METHODS Diagnostic and pathological anal...

9 This paper presents three-dimensional static modeling of the 10 human lumbar spine to be used in the formation of anatomically11 correct movement patterns for a fully cable-actuated robotic 12 lumbar spine which can mimic in vivo human lumbar spine move13 ments to provide better hands-on training for medical students. 14 The mathematical model incorporates five lumbar vertebrae 15 between the...

در ایران رشد کمی و بی سابقة نهاد های آموزشی از خردترین پایه تا آموزش عالی طی دو دهة اخیر فزونی یافته است اما نتایج برخی مطالعات نشان می دهد شاخص توسعه آموزشی از توزیع جغرافیایی عادلانه برخوردار نیست. لذا این پژوهش با هدف شناخت و تحلیل فضایی نابرابری آموزشی در بین شهرستان های کشور انجام شده است. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش بر اساس هدف کاربردی و بر اساس ماهیت توصیفی – تحلیلی می باشد و داده های این تحق...

OBJECTIVE To determine medical students' perceptions of having been harassed or belittled and their correlates, for the purposes of reducing such abuses. DESIGN Longitudinal survey. SETTING 16 nationally representative US medical schools. PARTICIPANTS 2884 students from class of 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Experiences of harassment and belittlement at freshman orientation, at entry to w...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of anaerobic antimicrobial therapy for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) on clinical outcomes in very low birth weight (≤1500 g) infants. METHODS We identified very low birth weight infants with NEC from 348 US NICUs from 1997 to 2012. Anaerobic antimicrobial therapy was defined by antibiotic exposure on the first day of NEC. We matched (1:1) infants exposed to ...