OBJECTIVE To determine liver fat content in patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-associated lipodystrophy. BACKGROUND Lipodystrophy in several animal models is associated with fat accumulation in insulin-sensitive tissues, such as the liver. This causes hyperinsulinaemia, dyslipidaemia and other features of insulin resistance. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS...

BACKGROUND The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may change the incidence of, and the risk and prognostic factors for, invasive pneumococcal disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS We prospectively studied 142 episodes of pneumococcal bacteremia in 122 HIV-infected adults. Eighty-five episodes occurred in the pre-HAART era (1986-1996) and 57 in t...

BACKGROUND Sub-optimal adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among injection drug users (IDUs) is a significant concern. As such, there is an urgent need to identify psychosocial determinants of adherence that can be incorporated into interventions designed to promote optimal adherence. OBJECTIVE To identify psychosocial determinants of adherence to HAART, as well as self-...

OBJECTIVE Preventing unintended pregnancy among HIV-positive women constitutes a critical and cost-effective approach to primary prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and is a global public health priority for addressing the desperate state of maternal and child health in HIV hyper-endemic settings. We sought to investigate whether the prevalence of contraceptive use and method pref...

OBJECTIVES In sub-Saharan Africa, substantial international funding along with evidence-based clinical practice have resulted in an unparalleled scale-up of access to antiretroviral treatment at a higher CD4 count. The role and timing of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in mediating cervical disease remains unclear. The aim of this article is to systematically review all evidence pe...

BACKGROUND Mortality among patients with tuberculosis (TB)/HIV is highest during the first few months of antituberculous therapy. The objective of this study was to assess the factors associated with early mortality among TB/HIV patients and whether these factors are similar for HAART naïve and those with prior HAART initiation. METHODS Prospective cohort study including HIV patients with tub...

BACKGROUND Successful highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed the outcome of AIDS patients worldwide because the complete suppression of viremia improves health and prolongs life expectancy of HIV-1+ patients. However, little attention has been given to the immunological profile of patients under distinct HAART regimens. This work aimed to investigate the differences in the imm...

BACKGROUND Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) reduces mortality in the developed world, it remains undocumented in resource-poor settings. We assessed the effect of HAART on patient mortality and tuberculosis incidence rate under routine clinical care conditions in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of HAART on patient mortality and tuberculosis in...

BACKGROUND Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) programs have been associated with declines in the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in industrialized countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate trends in IPD hospitalizations in HIV-infected adults in Soweto, South Africa, associated with up-scaling of the HAART program from 2003 to 2008. METHODS Laboratory-confirme...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy of highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in individuals taking cytochrome P450 enzyme-inducing antiepileptics (EI-EADs), we evaluated the virologic response to HAART with or without concurrent antiepileptic use. METHODS Participants in the US Military HIV Natural History Study were included if taking HAART for ≥6 months with concurrent use of EI-AEDs...